Lecture 24

Microbiology 301 with Scott Mulrooney at Michigan State University

About this deck

By: Kiandra arnold
Textbook:

Biology Of Microorganisms 11th
Created: 2010-11-05
Size: 19 flashcards
Views: 33

About StudyBlue

STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school. Things like online flashcards with photos and audio. Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next. Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone. STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.

“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis

Sign up (free) to study this.

Xenobiotic

Synthetic chemical compound that does not occur naturally in nature

Biodegradation

Chemical breakdown of materials by a physiological environment

A critical ability for microbes to metabolize many xenobiotics. Removing halogens from compounds

Dehalogenation

Cometabolism

Combined metabolic activity of two or more different microorganisms

How are microbes used to extract copper from ore?

Direct bacterial oxidation of the copper, e.g. Cu2S and CuS
Indirect oxidation of the copper by chemical reaction with Fe+3 ions

What reactions do microbes perform in Microbial leaching?

Oxygen dependent and oxygen independent reactions which solubilize the copper

What are two organisms that participate in microbial leaching?

Acidithiobacillus ferroxidans
Leptospirillum ferroxidans

Why are acidic conditions needed for microbial leaching?

Acidithiobacillus ferroxidans has optimal growth at pH 1.3-4.5(acidic conditions)

How does the mercuric reductase system eliminate toxic mercury?

Mercury binds to MerP protien in periplasm
Membrane bound MerT protein transports Hg2+ into cytoplasm
Hg2+ is substrate for the enzyme mercuric ion reductase(MerA) and is reduced to Hg₀

What is the function of MerA?

Reduce Hg2+

What is the function of MerP?

Binds Mercury in the periplasm

What is the function of MerT?

Transports Hg+ into cytoplasm

What is the most common mechanism used by microbes for heavy metal resistance?

Efflux of the metal ion

What toxic herbicide is degraded by Burkholderia cepacia?

Herbicide 2,4,5 trichlorophenoyxacetic acid

What are the 2 types of microbial dehalogenation reactions ?

Reductive and oxidative dehalogentation

Reductive dehalogentation:

alogenated organic compounds are used as terminal electron acceptors

desulfomonile tiedjei.
these compounds are found in anoxic subsurface environments

What are the harmful effects of microbes in the petroleum industry?

Hydrogen sulfide which is corrosive is produce under anoxic conditions in storage tanks(microbes need water, so organisms grow at oil-water interfaces)
Bioflims can plug rock pores and reduce fluid flow in petroleum recovery

What are the beneficial effects of microbes in the petroleum industry?

Petroleum recovery which can increase pressure reservoir pressure and production of extracellular surfactants that decrease water surface tension in oil deposits
Biomediation , metabolize various components of petroleum and oxidize them to C0_{2,some produce extracellular surfactants and emulsifying}agents

What is in-situ bioremediation and how does it accelerate removal of xenobiotics by microbes?

Growth of contaminant-degrading microbes is promoted by injection of food sources, and/or addition of live cultures directly into contaminated site
Carbon and nitrogen sources( and in some cases microbial cultures) are injected into subsurface and metabolized products are pumped out by extraction wells

About this deck

By: Kiandra arnold
Textbook:

Biology Of Microorganisms 11th
Created: 2010-11-05
Size: 19 flashcards
Views: 33

About StudyBlue

“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis