Lecture 3

Agricultural And Applied Economics 350 with Shapiro/thurlow at University of Wisconsin - Madison

About this deck

By: Leecreesha Hicks
Textbook:

The World Food Problem: Toward Ending Undernutrition in the Third World
Created: 2010-04-05
Size: 27 flashcards
Views: 34

About StudyBlue

STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school. Things like online flashcards with photos and audio. Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next. Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone. STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.

“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis

Sign up (free) to study this.

what are the three micronutrient deficiencies?

vitamin A. Iron, Iodine

what are the foods that contain Iron?

Heme Iron: hemoglobin and myglobin obtained from meat.

non-heme iron: found in grains, leafy green veggies, and some meats. found in 1/2 or less of the rate of heme iron

you can also obtain non heme iron from cookware onto food

Absorbability of iron in meat

it absorbs a lot faster in both heme and non heme irons

what nutrients bind iron, preventing its absorbability?

fiber, tannins, phyate, oxaline

is vitamin C good or bad at enhancing iron absorption?

good, particularly in non heme iron.

grows about ten fold

what are the domininant effects of iron deficiency in developing countries?

cognitive effects in kids

maternal deaths increase

decreased effectiveness of education of kids

decreased productivity

why is it said for iron deficiency to have a negative cognitive effects on children?

the possible lack of oxygen going to the brean or the decreased amount of neurotransmitters to the brain lead to decreased cognitive activity

What is significant about the situation with Iodine?

it is still a prevalent deficiency in developing countries but it is getting better fast due to the implimentation of universal salt iodization

why do we need iodine?

synthesis of thyroid hormones

regulates metabolic activities of all cells

availability depends on the soil concentration. (abundant in salt water and fish)

cell replication important especially for the multiplication of cells in the 1st 2 years of life

fetal deficiency leads to

still births

spontaneous abortion

cognital abnormalities

cretinism

psychomotor deficits

neonatal mortality

adult deficiencies in iodine deficiencies

goiter

hypothyroidism

impaired mental function

what is the major role of vitamin A

part of visual pigment rhodpsin

aside from its role in visual pigment rhodspin, what other roles does Vitamin A have?

gene expression

maintence of epithelial tissue

regulation growth and differentiation of cells including some from the immune system

what is the role of rhodopsin

absorbs light which sends signals to the visual cortex of the brain

must replenish rhodopsin in order to respond again to light

lack of this leads to night blindness

gene expression

vitamin a has the retinoic acid involved in cell diferentiation by the activation of dna reciptors

leads to gene expressions for lots of structural proteins like enzymes and skin keratins

cell diferenciation

continuous development of cells in tissue formation (cell proliferation)

necessary for the production, structure, and normal function of epithelial cells in the lungs, trachea, skin, GI tract

production of mucus forming cells in those organs

How does vitamin a deficiency decrease immunity

vitamin a maintains the epithelial tissues and mucus production which increases immunity.

vit a has antibody mediated responses...stops invading pathogens

what are the two forms of vitamin A

beta carotene

retinoids

form of vitamin A found in animal tissues.

includes retinol, retinal and retinoic acid

beta carotine

found in plant tissues. Also an antioxidant

form of vitamin A

can be converted/split into retinal/retinol

retinol is then oxidized to retinoic acid and retinal

how is vitamin A asopbed, transported, and stored?

transported and absorbed with lipids

stored in the liver

symptoms of vitamin A deficiency

dry, hard skin

dry cornea, eventual blindness (xerophthlmia)

night blindness (insufficient retinal for rhodopsin formation)

impaired immune function

what are the steps in vitamin a deficiency

body stored depleted, leading to psysiological problems

integrity of epithelial barriers decrease of immune system

visual impairment

xeropthalmia (night blindness) how does it happen?

mucus forming cells deteriorate and can no longer synthesize mucus that lubricates the body

leads to bacterial invasions

conjunctival xerosis (drying of eyelids) and bitots spots

corneal eye vicerations (softening of cornea and scarring)

besides night blindness (xeropthalmia) what other problems does vitamin a bring?

keritinized cells replace epithelial cells in the underlying skin layers

hair follicals plugged with keratin giving skin a bumpy appearance and a rough texture and is very dry

decrease in poor appetite and poor growth

how do you treat a vitamin A deficiency?

15,000-60,000 micrograms of vitamin a every six months can reduce deficiency in kids

reduces mortality rates 23% in kids that have this deficiency

eating veggies yet not enough dietary fat to absorb the VA they they get.. but its something

is there such thing as too much vitamin a? Symptoms?

yes its possible.

nausea, vomiting

headache, blurred vision

decrease in muscular coordination

About this deck

By: Leecreesha Hicks
Textbook:

The World Food Problem: Toward Ending Undernutrition in the Third World
Created: 2010-04-05
Size: 27 flashcards
Views: 34

About StudyBlue

“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis