lecture 3

Science Education 2 with Cotta at South Carolina State University

About this deck

By: spencer bolton
Created: 2011-01-11
Size: 58 flashcards
Views: 14

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Ideal Product

–Easy handling/application (spreadability)

–Pleasant feel

–Discrete in residence

–Non-staining

–Easy to remove

The USP defines ointments

semisolid preparations for external application to the skin or mucous membranes.

Ointments

also contribute emolliency or other quasi-medicinal benefits.

Ointment

•Type of ointment bases used as vehicles for drugs - selected or designed to facilitate drug transfer into the skin.

Four general classes of Oinments

–Hydrocarbon bases ( ie, oleaginous bases ),

–Absorption bases

–Water-removable bases

–Water-soluble bases

Topicla dermatological Product

•Deliver drug into the skin

•Treating dermal disorders,

•Skin as the target organ.

Transdermal Drug Delicery system

•Deliver drugs through the skin (percutaneous absorption)

•General circulation for systemic effects,

•Skin not the target organ.

Topicals applied to

•Eye

•External ear

•Mouth, buccal

•Rectum

•Vagina, urethra

•Nasal mucosal membranes

•Dermatological Preparations/Products are applied only ___

–Applied only to skin and scalp

Most accessible organ

Skin

Stratum Corneum composed of stratified epithelial cells

•The outermost layer of the epidermis

•Responsible for the barrier function of skin

•Consists of multiple layers of keratinized cells (keratinocytes)

Stratum Corneum composed of stratified epithelial cells

•Scattered melanocytes

•Replaced about every 2 weeks in mature adult

•Thickness increased in areas of high abrasion (palms and soles > surface of the trunk)

Transition from the living cells of the germinal zone to the stratum corneum is made prominent by three layers

–Stratum granulosum

–Stratum spinosom

–Stratum germinativum

These layers are also responcable for regeneration of skin

What gives elasticity/support to skin?

collagen, elastin and ground substance

Gel Structure

fibrous protein matrix-embedded in amorphous, colloidal, ground substance.

Dermis is also called

Papillary Layer

•Subcutaneous tissue:

–Layer of fat and connective tissue

attaching the dermis to deep tissues

Non medicated topical products

–Used for physical effects- augment barrier function

•Protectants

•Lubricants

Medicated topical products

–Localized effect

–Systemic delivery

Use of Topicals

•Augment Barrier Functions

•Localized Therapy of Superficial Tissues

•Systemic Drug Delivery

•Physical augmentation

–Protectants

•Lip balms

•Diaper rash- Zinc oxide, Buttocks Oint.

–Emollients

•Hand creams/lotions

Chemical Augmentation

Sunscreens

Localized superficail tissues THERAPY

–Achieve therapeutic levels of actives at site of action without systemic exposure

Localized superficail tissues THERAPY

•Targeted delivery for epidermal and dermal layers

Ex of superficail tissue THERAPY

•Antiseptics

•Antibiotic

•Antifungals

•Antipruritics

•Astringents

•Keratolytics

Systemic Drug Delivery

Bypass GI tract, eliminate first pass

continuous controlles release

Increase Compliance/ Easy Administration

Propertieas and considerations oclusive nature

ability of BASE to seal area,

Resist evaporation

Promote hydration

Major driving force

Concentration gradient

dependant on physiochemical nature of active.

Lipophilicity
Ionization

have an affinity of active for base

Parition coefficient

Acne

•Common skin condition which consists of blackheads, whiteheads, and sometimes deeper lesions called nodules or cysts.

–Bacteria on the skin alter these oils to produce inflammatory substances

Psoriasis

s an inflammatory skin disease characterized by an increased rate of skin cell turnover resulting in

thick scales appearing on the skin
. joint pain and swelling

Psoriases

•The affected skin becomes dry, unsightly and may be accompanied by itching

Nails may also show "pitting" in up to half of people

Diaper rash

•Etiology- ranges from maceration to activity of ammonia and urea to alter pH of skin

•May have bacterial and fungal involvement in severe cases

Eczema

Dermatitis- chronic, recurring inflammatory skin disease characterized by patchy, dry, itchy and scaly areas of skin. In severe cases, the skin can weep, bleed, and crust over

Eczema

•Most common in people with a family history of an atopic disorder: asthma, hay fever, or atopic dermatitis

Contact Dermatitis

•Acute inflammatory reaction characterized erythematous, itchy areas of skin.

•In severe cases, the skin can produce papules, exudate, and crust over

Fungal

Tina Corpis/ crusis

Coal Tar

• Decrease the epidermal synthesis of DNA

–antipruritic – anti-itching

–keratoplastic - normalize keratin growth

•Suppress hyperplasia

Cometic Elegance

–Is the treatment worse than the disease?

–Extended area of application

–Potential visibility of application

Emollient Hydrocarbon BASE

oleagineous Bases

effective protectant

–

Recommended for chronic conditions of dryness and scaling (psoriasis)

Emollient Hydrocarbon BASE

–Used solely as skin- moisturizing or emollient effect.

will not absorb water or exudate

has a warming effect

Emollient Hydrocarbon BASE

–occlusive topicals - increase skin hydration.

Effective protectant

may stain clothing

Immiscible with water so hard to remove

Also known as yellow petrolatum or petroleum jelly (Vaseline)ollient

Petrolatum

Petrolatum hydrocarbon ointment base

•Purified mixture of semisolid hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum

•Tasteless, odorless, unctuous material

•Is often used externally, without modification or added medication, for

White Petrolatum hydrocarbon ointment base

–Same as petrolatum but decolorized

–Lighter color makes it more esthetically acceptable

Yellow Ointment hydrocarbon ointment base

–Mixture of petrolatum and yellow wax (bees wax)

White Ointment hydrocarbon ointment base

–Same as yellow ointment but uses white wax (bees wax)

Emollient Absorption Bases-

Emollients

•Hydrophilic, anhydrous materials or hydrous bases that have the ability to absorb additional water. to become w/o

May stain clothes

Anhydrous Bases

absorb water to become W/O emulsions

Hydrous Bases

W/O emulsions - have the ability to absorb additional water.

The word absorption means?

refers only to the ability of the base to absorb water

What is slightly less occlusive than oleaginous bases

Emollients

Recommended for chronic conditions of dryness and scaling

Emollients

Absorption base

Emollients that can be W/O or O/W the O/W is easier to use

What are also are greasy when applied and are difficult to remove

Absorption Bases But are less pronounced than Hydrocarbon bases

They Spread Poorly

Absortption Base

•Bases that permit addition of water- Aquaphor, Hydrophilic Petrolatum, USP; Lanolin, USP

Absortption Base

•Bases containing water- Cold Cream (higher consumer appeal). Nivea Cream is a hydrated emollient base.

Absorption Base

, either hydrous or anhydrous, are seldom used as vehicles for commercial drug products

Absorbtion Base

•The W/O emulsion system is more difficult to deal with than the more conventional O/W systems, and there is, of course, reduced patient acceptance because of greasiness.

About this deck

By: spencer bolton
Created: 2011-01-11
Size: 58 flashcards
Views: 14

About StudyBlue

“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj