Lecture 36-37: Nutrient Cycles and Angiosperms
Botany 130 with Cameron, Christopherson at University of Wisconsin - Madison
About this deck
By: Whitney Beilke
Textbook:
Biology of Plants, 7e (Ise)
Created: 2009-12-19
Size: 55 flashcards
Views: 65
Textbook:
Biology of Plants, 7e (Ise)Created: 2009-12-19
Size: 55 flashcards
Views: 65
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plants build their biomass from what?
the air
phosphorus nutrient cycle
available to plants as phosphates from weathered rock, sediment forms, phosphorus is moved out into the soil, it is taken up directly by plants, the animals eat it, and back into the soil
phosphorus nutrient cycle with the addition of humans
we mine phosphate and add phosphorus to the cycle
what forms of nitrogen are take up by plants?
nitrates and ammonia
why can't plants break down gaseous N?
because it has a strong triple bond
N enters the biosphere through what?
bacteria, some soil bacteria can break the bond and fix N2 (some are free living bacteria)
N2 leaves the biosphere through what?
bacteria denitrogenate and also through leakage through water
besides bacteria -- how else does N2 fixation occur? (3)
industrial processing, volcanoes, and lightning
how is N2 added to the cycle by humans and animals?
excess N2 is returned to the soil by animals, we remove plants, it doesn't get returned so now we have to do it industrially ( a lot of this is lost in drainage)
what form of N is taken up by most plants?
NO3-
cation exchange
exchange one cation for another
algae thrive off what? - consequence of this?
nitrate -- they die and deplete O2, they cause bad effects on humans and animals, even death!
rhizosphere
area of soil that directly surround roots
what provides most of the energy in the rhizosphere?
root secretions
what percentage of a plants photosynthetic output can end up in the rhizosphere?
20%
symbiotic relationship in the rhizosphere
plants feed the microorganisms, microorganisms rovide energy and antibodies for protection
bacteroids
bacteria in plants that are surrounded by membranes from the plasma membrane
symbiosis of N2 fixing bacteria
bacteria fix N2, plants provide compounds
mycorrhizae -- symbiotic relationship with plants?
help plants access P, plants give fungus organic compounds
dutchmen's breeches has modified what?
have corms: modified underground stems
onion and tulip have modified what?
modified stems with scales (modified leaves)
tuber/ potato has modified what?
modified underground stem
over evolution, what happens to the gametophyte?
becomes very reduced and only makes egg/sperm thats it
now what is the dominant plant group on earth?
angiosperms
what makes angiosperms unique?
flowers and fuits
how many species of angiosperms?
over 250,000
what are the four largest families of angiosperms?
orchids, sunflowers, legumes, and grasses
"angio" means what?
means vessel, receptacle or container
in angiosperms ovules are protected within what?
carpels (makes up the ovary)
after fertilization - the carpels are what?
the fruit
do angiosperms have archegonia?
no only a single- celled egg
double fertilization occurs in what phylum and produces what?
anthophyta -- the endosperm
anthophyta
the angiosperms (flowering plants)
evolutionary history of angiosperms?
almost no evolutionary evidence for the flowering plants (no ancestors)
sperm in flowering plants?
have a pollen tube and nonmotile sperm
function of flowers?
advertisement to attract pollinators
reproductive shoots of angiosperms are determinant. what does this mean?
it means that they won't continue to grow
what are the four whorls that make up the flower from outside to inside?
calyx, corolla, stamens, carpels
stamen
microsporophyll with 4 microsporangia, produce microspores
archaefructus
125 mya early cretaceous, lacks petals and sepals but has carpels, closest thing we have to a flowering fossil, it most likely was aquatic
syncarpous
when the carpels fuse
apocarpous
separate unfused carpels
does a complete flower have to be perfect?
yes
perfect
both sexes are present
complete
has all 4 whorls
in the male angiosperm, the microgametophyte has how many nuclei?
3 nuclei
pollen is made up of what three components?
tube nucleus, generative cell, and prothatlial cells
tube nucleus forms what?
forms tube for sperm to travel through
generative cell forms what?
divides to form 2 sperm
pollen grains have what embedded in the pollen wall?-- what are these used for?
proteins -- these are used to recognize pollen from its own species
the embryo sac has how many nuclei in how many cells?
8 nuclei in 7 cells
pollination leads to what?
fertilization
pollen sticks to what female part in the angiosperms?
style
if the pollen finds the correct species, what happens?
pollen germinates and forms tube and the sperm makes its way down the style and finds an ovule
About this deck
By: Whitney Beilke
Textbook: Biology of Plants, 7e (Ise)
Created: 2009-12-19
Size: 55 flashcards
Views: 65
Textbook:
Biology of Plants, 7e (Ise)Created: 2009-12-19
Size: 55 flashcards
Views: 65
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy
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