Lecture Notes 2/4

StudyBlue printing of Lecture Notes 2/4 html, body, div, span, applet, object, iframe, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, blockquote, pre, a, abbr, acronym, address, big, cite, code, del, dfn, em, font, img, ins, kbd, q, s, samp, small, strike, strong, sub, sup, tt, var, b, u, i, center, fieldset, form, label, legend, table, caption, tbody, tfoot, thead, tr, th, td { margin: 0; padding: 0; border: 0; outline: 0; font-size: 100%; background: transparent; } body { line-height: 1; } blockquote, q { quotes: none; } blockquote:before, blockquote:after, q:before, q:after { content: ''; content: none; } /* remember to define focus styles! */ :focus { outline: 0; } /* remember to highlight inserts somehow! */ ins { text-decoration: none; } del { text-decoration: line-through; } /* tables still need 'cellspacing="0"' in the markup */ table { border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0; } /* end RESET */ .header { min-width:800px; } .logo { padding:6px 20px 2px 20px; margin:0; font-size:25px; font-weight:bold; color:#808285; position:relative; border-bottom: 1px solid #c5c5c5; } .logo-blue { color:#70adc4; } .logo-desc { font-weight:normal; font-size:19px; color:#cccccc; margin-top:50px; position:absolute; display: none; } .back-button { position:absolute; top:20px; right:20px; font-size:13px; line-height:25px; color:rgb(0,175,225); font-weight:normal; } .back-button a { color:rgb(0,175,225); } .instructions { padding:0; margin:0; width:100%; position:relative; color:rgb(100,100,100); } .step-holder { border-left:1px solid #ededed; margin-left:20px; } .steps { padding:15px 0; float:left; width:24%; border-right:1px solid #ededed; text-align:center; } .steps-01 { } .steps-02 { } .steps-03 { } .steps-04 { } .label { padding:5px 10px; } .print-button { } .print-button a { background-color:rgb(0,175,225); color:white; line-height: 19px; padding:9px 8px 5px 30px; font-size:14px; text-decoration:none; background-image: url(images/printer.png); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: 7px 50%; -moz-border-radius: 5px; -webkit-border-radius: 5px; } .print-button a:hover { background-color:black; } .theNote .content { width: 8.0in !important; margin: 5px auto; padding:20px; background-color:white; } .theNote .header { border-bottom: 1px dashed #C8C8C8; font-size: 17px; padding: 0 0 10px; line-height: 19px; color: #00ADE1; min-width:500px; } .theNote .body { font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px; padding: 10px 0; } .theNote{ padding:6px 0; clear:both; background-color: rgb(200,200,200); } .theNote h3{ color: rgb(100,100,100); } .theNote h1, .theNote h3{ background-color:white; padding:2px 20px; width:8.0in !important; margin: 0 auto; font-size: 15px; } .theNote h1{ padding-top: 10px; font-size: 15px; } .theNote h1:first-child{ font-size: 20px; } .theNote h3 { font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal; } #options { border: 3px double #ccc; padding: 5px 12px; margin: 10px 50px 10px 20px; float: left; } #info { border-top: 1px solid #ccc; padding-top: 5px; font-style: italic; } li { margin: 5px 10px 5px 25px; } ul li { list-style: disc; } ol li { list-style: decimal; } img { border: 0; } table { clear: both; width: 100%; border: 1px solid #c5c5c5; border-width: 1px 0; margin: 0; page-break-after: always; } table#page { page-break-after: auto; } td { text-align: center; font-size: 12px; border-bottom: 1px dashed #c5c5c5; height: 1.75in; width: 50%; padding-left: 15px; } .leftside { border-right: 1px solid #cccccc; padding: 0 15px 0 0; } .bottom td { border-bottom: none; } .clearfix { clear:both; line-height:1px; height:1px; } img { max-width:80%; max-height:150px; margin:20px; } @media print {.header { display: none; } .content .header{ display:inherit; } table { border: 1px dashed #bbb; border-width: 1px 0; } .theNote{ background-color:white; } } Modernization Theory vs. Dependency Theory Modernization Theory Development as progress from tradition to modernity The classic (liberal) notion of tradition vs. modernity showcased in Lerner's "Grocer and Chief" Traditional societies and people are: Closed, static Communitarian, not individualistic Guided by religion & tradition, accept authority without question "Undifferentiated" politics, society, economics Modern societies and people are: Open, dynamic, constantly changing Highly individualistic, pluralistic Require rational justifications for authority High division of labor separates politics, social interaction, economics into distinct specialized spheres Development according to Modernization Theory Classic liberal view we've already encountered (now in more detail): STEP 1: rise of individualism Traditional & religious beliefs are irrational and depend on closed, static, repressed societies to persist Once trade and markets increase, people increasingly see alternatives and question authority Market interaction leads to spread of notions of individual rights, political and economic freedom STEP 2: Individualism triumphs with industrialization Rise of trade brings middle lass whose status/power depends on economic activity Tech advance and industrialization greatly accelerate this As do literacy and education Eventually growing middle class demands more political equality Traditional elites step aside (or are overthrown) Modern society (=capitalist democracy) wins Modernization theory implication for poorer countries Why are poor countries poor? Internal reasons! Not open to inflows of capital, technology, ideas So haven't gotten rid of pre-modern institutions and cultures Poor country wants to develop? Then above all open up to: Competition and trade Foreign investment and technology Information and ideas Want to strengthen chances for democracy? Then above all open up and develop Example: US policy on China Modernization theory: liberal thinking goes global Modernization theory is just liberal view of individual outcomes in markets applied to countries Dependency Theory Marxist-based challenge to liberal modernization theory Duner Frank (p. 9) "We must conclude...that underdevelopment is not due to the survival of archaic institutions and the existence of capital shortage in regions that have remained isolated from the stream of world history." "On the contrary, underdevelopment was and still is generated by the very same historical process which also generated economic development: the development of capitalism itself" Marx's model of exploitation, but applied to countries rather than classes inside a country Dependency theory implications for poorer countries Why are poor countries poor? External reasons: other countries abused early advantage, locked them in exploited role Stuck with natural-resource of low-manufacturing activities Oppressed by own capitalists, kept down by core-state interventionists Poor country wants to develop? Cut relations to the core as much as possible Develop own industries and markets internally "Import substitution industrialization" (ISI)