Lecture Notes 4/7

What Should You Know -New Look; Yankeephobia; Suez Crisis; Highway Act; suburbs -Introduce Eisenhower?s foreign policy -Introduce America?s 1950s affluence; how did it impact American culture? -Compare/contrast Eisenhower & Kennedy?s Foreign policies -Compare/contrast Eisenhower & Kennedy?s domestic policies Eisenhower?s Anti-communist Policy, 1954-60 -Controlling McCarthyism/Red Scare Paranoia -Murrow?s Broadcast: attacked McCarthy for exploiting the fear of communism -The New Look -Massive retaliation; using anything and everything possible -Radio broadcasts into communist areas telling people abroad that it?s bad -use of CIA -increased surveillance (planes that flew so high, they couldn?t be shot down-took pictures of enemies) -International alliances -U.S. is making agreements with other countries to try and isolate countries with communism -Summit meetings with Soviets -?Open Skies? proposal -both Soviets and U.S. will disarm and allow each other to spy and ensure disarmament -Soviet Satellites -Countries to West of Soviet Union that they occupied and used as buffers -Some didn?t want to be occupied; revolutions take place -Cold War shift to Third World -Use of CIA covert action around the world (Iran & Guatemala) -Trade and Aid -Gave training and money for military and police to Latin American countries that backed free markets -Latin America?s Yankeephobia -Latin American?s didn?t like American involvement -Middle East & Africa -Suez Canal: in Egypt-looking for loans and U.S. backed them -Leader in Egypt accepts some communist countries so U.S. pulls away from loans -Eisenhower Doctrine: U.S. pledges to back free-market supporters -Asia -Send troops to Vietnam to back democracy Eisenhower?s Domestic Policy -Eisenhower?s Modern Republicanism -Pro-business (not labor); if you let business have its way, it will make money and everyone will benefit -Fiscal and budgetary conservatism (not Keynesian); you shouldn?t take out money in the form of debt to get back on track -Avoidance of European-style nationalization -Still some liberal tenancies (lingering military Keynesianism) -mobility was important to keep U.S. safe; Highway Act was extremely expensive Affluence -National wealth soared by 1960 -military industrial complex: term keyed by Eisenhower; if we build up a massive military, eventually its going to want to be used -Transformation in agricultural America -large corporations push out small farmers -Labor-Management Accord -Political pluralism -start to think that different groups are ok -Exaltation of religion -Catholic bishop taught lessons on television programs Discontents of Affluence -Conformity criticized -social critics -television: commercials are telling Americans what to do, what to buy -Youth Culture -disposable income from parents targeted -Rock and Roll Changing Gender Politics -Gendered Values in the Suburbs -expectations of women -raising children, do domestic chores, be a housewife -modern conveniences: appliances, etc. targeted women -gendered division of spheres: husband goes off to work, women stay home -growing demand for fatherly involvement