- StudyBlue
- Rhode Island
- Brown University
- Neuroscience
- Neuroscience 2030
- Anne Hart
- Lecture Notes (Excluding Signaling pathways)
Lecture Notes (Excluding Signaling pathways)
Neuroscience 2030 with Anne Hart at Brown University
About this deck
By: Ryan Maloney
Created: 2011-11-02
Size: 43 flashcards
Views: 12
Created: 2011-11-02
Size: 43 flashcards
Views: 12
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Necessary Properties of an Ion Channel
- Traverse the membrane
- Provide and environment for hydrated ions to enter the membrane (normally all in aqueous phase
- Provide fast ion movement (Can be as fast as 107 ions/sec–pure diffusion is 108)
- Must be selective
- Gating mechanism
- Subject to modulation
Poly-A Tail
on mRNA, determines lengths of activity before degradation
Transcription factors
Proteins that bind to specific shapes of dna promoters
Exon
Part of DNA present on mature RNA, contrast with Intron
Intron
Part of DNA not transcribed to RNA
Non-sense mediated decay
If a stop happens before an Exon junction complex, the RNA is thrown away
Histones
DNA wraps around them, acetylation and methylation regulates transcription. Acetylation increases transcription, and methylation usually decreases transcription
CPG Island
An area with a large number of CPG sites (GC rich areas- >500 bp >50% GC). When methylated, decreases transcription factor binding
Promoter
Part of DNA that is bound to by transcription factors and promotes transcription, and where rna polymerase binds
5' UTR
5' Untranslated regions aka 5' leader. Before transcription, contains binding sites that regulate activity
3' UTR
3' Untranslated region. Contains poly A tail, which regulates length of activity, also a target for miRNA translational control
K+ concentrations and equilibrium potential
5mM out 100mM in
EK= -80 mV
Na+ concentrations and equilibrium potential
150mM out 15mM in
ENa= 62 mV
Ca2+ concentrations and equilibrium potential
2mM out .0002 mM in
EK= 123 mV
Cl- concentrations and equilibrium potential
150 mM out 13 mM in
EK= -65 mV
TTX
Tetrodotoxin. Blocks Voltage gate sodium channels
TEA
Tetraethylammonium, inhibits voltage gated potassium channel
Ryanodine Receptor
Calcium sensitive channel on sarcoplasmic reticulum, releases Calcium into cytosol in response to elevated levels of cytosolic calcium (positive feedback)
Nernst Equation
Eion=RT/zF ln( Ionout/Ionin)
at room temperature
Eion=57/z log( Ionout/Ionin)
Constant Field Equation (Goldman, Hodgkin, and Katz)
Vm=RT/F ln (PK[K]O + PNa[Na]i)/(PK[K]i + PNa[Na]i)
Permeability of an ion
Pion = Dion βion/I
Dion= Diffusion coefficient for ion within the membrane
βion= water-membrane partition coefficient
I= membrane thickness
Synaptotagmin
Calcium sensor for vesicle release. Bound to vesicle.
Rab
Family of small GTPases, which act with other Rab effector proteins and tethering factors to control tethering
MUNC 18/Sec 1
Regulates assembly of trans-SNARE compled
NSF (protein)
Along with alpha-snap, regulates disassembly of SNARE complex
Alpha-snap
Along with NSF, regulates disassembly of SNARE complex
Synaptobrevin/VAMP
SNARE protein on vesicle (V-SNARE)
Syntaxin
SNARE protein on membrane (T-SNARE)
SNAP-25
SNARE protein on membrane (T-SNARE)
MUNC13
Protein involved in priming vesicles for release, along with RIM, involved in priming vesicles for release
RIM
Rab3 interacting molecules: along with Munc 13, involved in priming vesicles for release
AP2
binds to membrane, starts endocytosis
Clathrin
Binds to AP2, pulls vesicle free of membrane
Dynamin
Large GTPase, necessary for vesicle fission in endocytosis
SNARE complex
Synaptobrevin/VAMP1 (V-SNARE)
SNAP-25, Syntaxin (T-SNAREs)
Proteins involved in vesicle release
Dense core vesicles
Neuropeptides, non-classical neurotransmission
Clear-core vesicles
contains classical neurotransmitters
FRET
Fluorescence resonance energy transfer: Two fluorescent proteins near each other, if they're close enough, the emissions from one will stimulate the other. Allows you to determine how close two proteins are.
Synapto-pHluorin
pH dependent fluorescent protein. Fluorescence is quenched in acidic environment. Since the inside of a vesicle is acidic, synaptophlorin fused to the luminal side of VAMP will only fluoresce after excocytosis, so it measures synaptic activity.
Agrin
Structural protein that clusters receptors on membrane. Binds to alpha dystroglycan
Rapsyn
Structural protein that clusters receptors on membrane. Binds to beta-dystroglycan.
Dystrophin
Anchors beta dystroglycan and actin, anchors dystroglycan
About this deck
By: Ryan Maloney
Created: 2011-11-02
Size: 43 flashcards
Views: 12
Created: 2011-11-02
Size: 43 flashcards
Views: 12
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy
Kathy