Linguistics Final

Linguistics 270 with Ruiz at Ohio University

About this deck

By: Samuel Bockoven
Textbook:

Linguistics for Everyone: An Introduction
Created: 2011-03-15
Size: 59 flashcards
Views: 28

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Descriptive Grammar

Illustrates the rule system we use to produce sentences, based on how we speak, not solely according to authority

Prescriptive grammar

Set of rules that prescribes or defines how we are supposed to speak according to authority

Phonetics

the inventory of sounds in a language

Phonology

rules of how sounds are combined in a language

Morphology

rules of word formation in a language

Syntax

rules of sentence formation in a language

Semantics

rules that govern how meaning is expressed by words and sentences in a language

Universal Grammar

the set of linguistic rules common to all languages; hypothesized to be part of human cognition

Linguistic parameters

binary settings of universal grammatical principles proposed to account for differences among languages

Grammar

Combining discrete units into larger units

Linguistic Competence

Unconscious knowledge of languages

Syntactic Category

A part of speech of a word

Function Words

closed class words

Japanese

An agglutinative language

NP, PP, VP refer to

argument structure

Locutionary Act

An utterance with a particular sense and reference

Decreolization

When a creole becomes more like the supretrate language

English is an official language in many African countries

because of the complex history of most African nations

The prominence of English as a worldwide language

Due to the expansion of British Colonial Power in the 19th century

Interrogative

Questions

Imperatives

Commands

Declaratives

Statements

Specific Language Impairment (SLI)

Disorder in which children do not acquire language in the normal way but are otherwise not generally cognitively impaired

Linguistic Savant

person who is linguistically gifted but whose other cognitive abilities

Speech Act

Language performs actions

Illocutionary Act

Intended meaning of utterance, the act that is performed: a bet, a statement, offer, promise

Locutionary Act

Sounds/words that make up utterance and referential meaning

Perlocutionary Act

Effect utterance has achieved on hearer

Grice Maxims

Quantity, Quality, Relation, and Manner

Proposition

Assertion expressed by a sentence regardless of context of real-world facts

Speech Act Theory

theory dealing with the construction of meaning in conversation by direct and indirect speech acts

Indirect Speech Act

utterance whose meaning depends on context rather than on literal meaning

Direct Speech Act

utterance whose meaning is the sum of its parts, the literal meaning

Polysynthetic language

language with a high number of morphemes per word

Williams Syndrome

rare genetic disorder that involves severe retardation, distinct physical characteristics, and uniquely expressive language ability

Wernicke's Aphasia

form of aphasia characterized by fluent speech that makes little sense

Broca's aphasia

form of aphasia characterized by labored speech and general agrammatism

Arcuate Fasciculus

Neural pathway connecting Broca's Area with Wernicke's Area

Homonyms

Sound the same, same spelling

Homophones

sound the same, different spelling

Homographs

same spelling, sound different

Truth Condition

whether a proposition is logically true or false, regardless of context or real world facts

Analytic Sentence

sentence that must be true regardless of real-world facts

Synthetic Sentence

sentence that is true because it accords with real world facts

Maxim of Quantity

Make your contribution to the conversation as informative as necessary. do not make your contribution more informative than necessary

Maxim of Quality

Do not say what you believe to be false. Do not say that for which you lack adequate evidence

Maxim of Relevance

Say only things that are relevant

Maxim of manner

Avoid obscurity of expression, avoid ambiguity, be brief, be orderly

Grice's cooperative principle

assumption that in conversation speaker will make a sincere effort to collaboratively exchange information

Deictic words

words whose meaning can be interpreted only with reference to the speaker's position in place and time (left, right ,here)

Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

Benjamin Whorf's claim that language determines our perceptions of the world

Linguistic relativity

theory that language and culture influence or perhaps even determine each other

Complementary Antonym

Dead/Alive

Relational Antonym

Doctor/Patient

Gradable Antonym

Hot/Cold

Amelioration

Shift to a more positive connotation

Shift in connotation

Change in word's general meaning over time

Shift in denotation

complete change in word's meaning over time

About this deck

By: Samuel Bockoven
Textbook:

Linguistics for Everyone: An Introduction
Created: 2011-03-15
Size: 59 flashcards
Views: 28

About StudyBlue

“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis