Linguitics

StudyBlue printing of Linguitics html, body, div, span, applet, object, iframe, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, blockquote, pre, a, abbr, acronym, address, big, cite, code, del, dfn, em, font, img, ins, kbd, q, s, samp, small, strike, strong, sub, sup, tt, var, b, u, i, center, fieldset, form, label, legend, table, caption, tbody, tfoot, thead, tr, th, td { margin: 0; padding: 0; border: 0; outline: 0; font-size: 100%; background: transparent; } body { line-height: 1; } blockquote, q { quotes: none; } blockquote:before, blockquote:after, q:before, q:after { content: ''; content: none; } /* remember to define focus styles! */ :focus { outline: 0; } /* remember to highlight inserts somehow! */ ins { text-decoration: none; } del { text-decoration: line-through; } /* tables still need 'cellspacing="0"' in the markup */ table { border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0; } /* end RESET */ .header { min-width:800px; } .logo { padding:6px 20px 2px 20px; margin:0; font-size:25px; font-weight:bold; color:#808285; position:relative; border-bottom: 1px solid #c5c5c5; } .logo-blue { color:#70adc4; } .logo-desc { font-weight:normal; font-size:19px; color:#cccccc; margin-top:50px; position:absolute; display: none; } .back-button { position:absolute; top:20px; right:20px; font-size:13px; line-height:25px; color:rgb(0,175,225); font-weight:normal; } .back-button a { color:rgb(0,175,225); } .instructions { padding:0; margin:0; width:100%; position:relative; color:rgb(100,100,100); } .step-holder { border-left:1px solid #ededed; margin-left:20px; } .steps { padding:15px 0; float:left; width:24%; border-right:1px solid #ededed; text-align:center; } .steps-01 { } .steps-02 { } .steps-03 { } .steps-04 { } .label { padding:5px 10px; } .print-button { } .print-button a { background-color:rgb(0,175,225); color:white; line-height: 19px; padding:9px 8px 5px 30px; font-size:14px; text-decoration:none; background-image: url(images/printer.png); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: 7px 50%; -moz-border-radius: 5px; -webkit-border-radius: 5px; } .print-button a:hover { background-color:black; } .theNote .content { width: 8.0in !important; margin: 5px auto; padding:20px; background-color:white; } .theNote .header { border-bottom: 1px dashed #C8C8C8; font-size: 17px; padding: 0 0 10px; line-height: 19px; color: #00ADE1; min-width:500px; } .theNote .body { font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px; padding: 10px 0; } .theNote{ padding:6px 0; clear:both; background-color: rgb(200,200,200); } .theNote h3{ color: rgb(100,100,100); } .theNote h1, .theNote h3{ background-color:white; padding:2px 20px; width:8.0in !important; margin: 0 auto; font-size: 15px; } .theNote h1{ padding-top: 10px; font-size: 15px; } .theNote h1:first-child{ font-size: 20px; } .theNote h3 { font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal; } #options { border: 3px double #ccc; padding: 5px 12px; margin: 10px 50px 10px 20px; float: left; } #info { border-top: 1px solid #ccc; padding-top: 5px; font-style: italic; } li { margin: 5px 10px 5px 25px; } ul li { list-style: disc; } ol li { list-style: decimal; } img { border: 0; } table { clear: both; width: 100%; border: 1px solid #c5c5c5; border-width: 1px 0; margin: 0; page-break-after: always; } table#page { page-break-after: auto; } td { text-align: center; font-size: 12px; border-bottom: 1px dashed #c5c5c5; height: 1.75in; width: 50%; padding-left: 15px; } .leftside { border-right: 1px solid #cccccc; padding: 0 15px 0 0; } .bottom td { border-bottom: none; } .clearfix { clear:both; line-height:1px; height:1px; } img { max-width:80%; max-height:150px; margin:20px; } @media print {.header { display: none; } .content .header{ display:inherit; } table { border: 1px dashed #bbb; border-width: 1px 0; } .theNote{ background-color:white; } } null think of syntactic categories as systems of distribution verbs don't have the same syntactic distribution, so they cannot be the same syntactic categories they are based on morphology make them feature bundles one feature is a V and another can be represented as an integer: V1 VP= V4 Np Pp but this is errored, too cumbersome so think of them as schema A= B,C think of above rule as 2 rules A= B C A= C b these are all possibilities English has rule schema as well as rules to better define the schema there is always a generazation that the verb is always first in the verb phrase toward the end of last class, hinted that generalization of english is more general VP= V8 Ap V8= be, seem Ap= adj1 adj1= red Ap= adj5 infp adj5= eager Ap= adj3 pp adj3= fond there is a generalization that makes adj the head. All verbs occur b4 everything within their phrase as do adjs. boader generalization that seems to emerge, some notion that adj is head of adjp, noun is head np, verb is head of vp what ever the phrase type, the head always comes first (base comes before modifier or compliments) SOV SVO VSO OSV OVS VOS first 3 most common last 3 rare 1 most common of all it's head final ( as opposed to head first) english, strongly headfirst language (everything precedes their compliments) Head final languages have compliments that precedes their the complimented. (modifiers precede the noun) Vp= vp and vp but cases like MItka barks and kolya and howls any 2 declarative sentences can be combined S= S and S Np= np and np mitka is fond of milk bones and eager to dig milk bones = AP eager to dig= AP the men and women in the room NP= N+N PP= PP and PP Topicalization beans, I like, peas I hate np Sounds best when part of a series. On that table, I put four books PP fond of digging, he is I told you I thought he was fond of digging and sure enough, fond of digging he is. can get NP's, PP's, infp's in the beginning. Thus far, our phrase stucture grammar does not give us these S= NP S S= PP S S= infp S S= Ap S may be that these have a feature so we can write one rule instead of 4 S= Xp where X is a feature of these we have yet to figure out look at The table, I fixed S= Np S but I fixed is not a sentence, because it is intransitive (must occur with a noun phrase) So those rules are not adequate, because they make incorrect predictions. can get a np in the front, just in case the NP is no where else. you can get something in the front, in case that thing is expected somewhere else Transformational Grammar The thing is we don't change the phrase structure, but the part that is in the beginning is intuitively at the end input whenever there is a sentene and whenever there is a a tree adjp np infp np, those go to the front creating a new order for the sentence, but the sentence is still in tact. basically, you can take what belongs at the end, put it first, and when the "beginning" of the sentence is stated, you already know what it is doing. phrase structure rules cannot give discontinuous constituents maybe trees are better way to look at languages Anji section Monday noon room 102 hunter