Lipids
Chemistry 342 with Jones at Illinois State University
About this deck
By: CHIDINMA UMESEGHA
Textbook:
Principles of Biochemistry (4th Edition)
Created: 2011-11-10
Size: 28 flashcards
Views: 8
Textbook:
Principles of Biochemistry (4th Edition)Created: 2011-11-10
Size: 28 flashcards
Views: 8
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What are Lipids?
substances that dissolve in organic solvents, has limited water solubility and is not something else.
Four ways to classify lipids
Saponification
Fatty acid derivative or isoprene derivative
Non Polar or amphipathic
Biological function
five major categories of Biological Lipids?
Fatty acids
Glycerolipids
Glycerophospholipids
Sphingolipids
Sterol lipids
saccharolipids
What is the problem of stability of cis bond?
they are easily peroxidized leading to additions to double bond breakage by radical mechanism
What promotes them?
metal ion, Oxygen, light, heat
Why are saturated fats being used instead of plant oil?
the oil becomes rancid due to peroxidation reactions
What is the effect of the cis double bond in oleic acid?
restricts rotation and introduces a rigid bend in the hydrocarbon tail.
How are fully saturated fatty acids stabilized
By many hydrophobic interactions
Effect of one or more fatty acids with cis double bonds?
interferes with this tight packing and results in less stable aggregates.
One way to distinguish fat from oil?
increasing the number of cis double bonds decreases d the melting point and the more unstable the PUFAs becaue the cis bonds are more likely to polarize.
Rancidity?
tells us that the FA cis bonds has been broken down by peroxidase
How can Rancidity be reduced?
Using lots of saturated FA
Put in antioxidants, which increases the shelf life
What are soaps? How are they made?
Soaps are basically gycerol and free fatty acids(as their sodium and potassium salts)
Detergents?
Long alkyl chains with different polar head groups such as sulfate, phosphate, carbohydrate which are solube in hard water.
Micelles? Membranes?
they are both super molecular complexes of amphipathic molecules.
significant advantages of using triacylglycerols as stored fuel rather than polyssacharides such as glycogen and starch.
The carbon atom of FA are more reduced than those of sugar and oxidation of triacylglycerols yields more than twice as much energy
little water
provide insulation
regulate release of FA from storage as needed
How do you make margarines and make FA less unstable?
Hydrogenation
plant FA + Raney Ni + H2 = Saturated FA
Waxes?
esters from long chain FA & alcohol that dont easily melt. The feathers of water birds are able to repel water with the help of their wax gland.
Five major lipid functions
Insulation
Protection
Chemical messenger
molecular recognition
energy storage
An example of ether lipids and their functions
Plasmalogen. can be isolated into an organic solvents from the brain. They regulate blood clotting
Sphingolipidosis?
Genetic diseases due to sphingolipid degradation defects often 'clog' the lysosomes thus kill cells in the neurological tissue.
Phospholipase?
specific esterases which are hydrlases for PL
Prostaglandins are involved in the regulation of
temperature, blood clotting, smooth muscle contraction
Leukotrienes?
involved in inflammatory reactions like asthma, derived from arachidonic acid, but do not contain the cyclized group such as found in PGs. Its major enzyme is lipoxygenases. Therapy is enzyme inhibition of corticosteroids`
Should people with asthma take NSAIDs especially aspirin?
No because the prostic gland pathway are competing for the PGs and if aspirin is taken, the substrate moves into the LT pathway, closing the bronchi tube.
what are Bile acids?
are polar derivatives of cholesterol that act as detergents in the intestine, emulsifying dietry fats to make them more readily accessible to digestive lipases
basic structure of a sterol
4 rings
One sterol derivative and its structure?
Isoprene 5 carbon building block. CH2=CCH3-CH=CH2
About this deck
By: CHIDINMA UMESEGHA
Textbook: Principles of Biochemistry (4th Edition)
Created: 2011-11-10
Size: 28 flashcards
Views: 8
Textbook:
Principles of Biochemistry (4th Edition)Created: 2011-11-10
Size: 28 flashcards
Views: 8
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj
Naj