Lower Extremities

Musculoskeletal Biomechanics of the Upper Extremity Upper Extremity Overview Major Bones: Scapula, Humerus, Ulna, Clavicle! Radius, Carpals (8), Metacarpals(5), Phalanges, Phalanges (14) Major Joints: Shoulder: (glenohumeral) Elbow: Humeroulnar Radioulnar (proximal) Wrist: Radiocarpal Radioulnar (distal) Metacarpophalangeal Shoulder Joint: Articulations Humerus Clavicle Scapula Acromion Process Acromioclavicular Joint Glenoid Fossa Glenohumeral Joint Shoulder Joint: Articulations sternoclavicular coracoclavicular Shoulder Joint: Rotator Cuff Supraspinatus Supscapularis Anterior View Infraspinatus Teres Minor Posterior View Shoulder Joint: Flexion Deltoid (anterior) Pectoralis Major Biceps Brachii Anterior View Shoulder Joint: Extension Latissimus Dorsi Triceps Brachii Posterior View Shoulder Joint: Adduction Abduction Posterior View Deltoid (intermediate) Anterior View Pectoralis Major Anterior View Latissimus Dorsi Shoulder Joint: Scapular Stabilization Trapezius Elbow Joint: Articulations Humerus Radius Ulna Humeroulnar Joint Proximal Radioulnar Joint Elbow Joint: Flexion Extension Biceps Brachii Brachialis Anterior View Triceps Brachii Posterior View Radioulnar Joint: Supination & Pronation Supination Pronation Quadratus Wrist Joint: Articulation Radius Ulna Carpals Radiocarpal Joint Wrist Joint: Anterior View Posterior View Flexor Carpi Radialis Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Flexion Extension Ulnar Deviation Radial Deviation Hand Joints: Articulations Metacarpals Metacarpo-phalangeal Joints Phalanges Metacarpophalangeal & Interphalangeal Joints Flexor Digitorum Extensor Digitorum Superficialis Anterior View Posterior View Musculoskeletal Biomechanics of the Spine and Trunk Segments of the Spinal Column Cervical......... 7 Thoracic.......12 Lumbar........5 Sacrum.........5 Coccyx..........4 33 Total Vertebrae Support Flexibility Protection Vertebral Structure Movement Segment: 2 Adjacent Vertebrae + 1 intervertebral disc Articulations: Transverse Processes Spinous Processes Muscle attachment sites Curvature of the Spine Normal Hyper-lordosis hyper-kyphosis Scoliosis? Trunk: Flexion Extension Rectus Abdominis Psoas Major Anterior View Erector Spinae Group Posterior View Lateral Flexion/Rotation Internal Oblique External Oblique