Marine Mycology
Biological Sciences 4710 with Turner at Florida Institute of Technology
About this deck
By: Philip Gwinnell
Created: 2011-10-28
Size: 51 flashcards
Views: 14
Created: 2011-10-28
Size: 51 flashcards
Views: 14
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What is an obligate marine fungi?
fungi that wil only grow and sporulate in marine settings
What is a facultative marine fungi?
a terrestrial or fresh water fungi that is able to grown or even sporulate in Sea or Estuary
What is a Non-facultative fungi?
found as spore in the sea might grow in lab culture but not active in the sea
What are the ecological equivalents to heterotrophic bacteria?
sprotrophic decomposers
What are 3 hinderances to Marine Mycology as a science?
- Late start
- reactivation of dormant terrestrial and FW spores
- Heat-Labile Mycostatic Factor (Tannins, etc.
- poor quality
What do Mycostatic factors do to marine fungi and how can they be separated out of cultures?
inhibit growth, have no ecological role in the area, use filtering to remove them w/o destroying fungus
What species of Marine Microbes was previously considered "lower fungi"?
Labyrinthomorphs
What are the four groups that contain marine fungi and which is the most specious?
ascomycota, basidomycota, anamorphs, yeast. All invaded secondarily from land
What nutritional types of maine fungi exist? how did they invade?
Cellulolytic, secondarily from land
What nutrient are critical for growth? what nutrient are toxic to fungi?
K and Ca (critical for K:Na ratio)
What is an ascus of a ascomycota?
a spore sac, each cell 1/2 mitosisly has 8 spore
list fungi habitats form highest frequency to least?
Lignicolous> marsh>aligicolous(algae living)>manglicolous (living on magroves)
What is the average size class and maximum size range of most marine fungi?
Most microscopic, 2-4 mm (max)
How many ascus do marine fungi have per ascocarp(fruiting body)?
a single
Where are 3 common places where marine fungi are found?
Marine laboratories, host specific, temperature, oxic, deep sea
What are the three zones of fungal growth on Spartina culm?
1. upper section (rarely submerged) terrestrial
2. Middle section exposed my the tide (facultative marine)
3. Completely submerged (obligate marine)
What are types of adaptation allow fungi to live just above the lowest tide (submerged more than covered)?
ascocarp submerged (protection from tearing), soft walled, spores passively released(water available for dispersal).
What adaptation do fungi that live higher on the mangle develop?
Could be submerged if on mangal root. may have carbonaceous spore
How are spores released, dispersed, settled?
exploding/ disolving asci, passive release of conidiospores, spore appendages (foam trap, settling rates, impaction, adhesion)
What function in dispersal do spines on spore do?
get caught in surface tension,
What type of marine fungi ocurr on intertidal sand beaches?
Arenicolus
What adaptions do Arenicolus have for life in the intertidal beach?
Resistance to stranding at high tide, grow well at depth in well aerated soil, cellulolytic on plant life,
What are Arenicolus fungi food for?
ENDO-/MESOPSAMMON
What marine fungi types has the hardest fruiting bodies (ascocarp)? What features does it have?
Arenicolous- attached to the grain with short or no neck. basal Ostiole (spore release hole)
What type of ostiole allows for less change for abrasion?
basal ostiole
What is aspergillus symbiotic upon what organism and what its effect?
pathogen on seafan, functions by exposing sea fan. coenenchyme, exposing gorgonin skeleton
Where else does aspergillius exist?
cosmopolitan terrestrial, neritic, pelagic, deep sea
What does Rhodotorula (yeast) act as a pathogen on?
coral, endoskeleton epizootic (attacks polyp tissue and algae)
What is the defense of the coral against the protoplasmic sacs of hyphae? What is the endosymbiotic algae's defense?
encasulated by carbonate by coral. Some algae has anti fungal properties.
What are the secondary metabolites that macroalgae possess?
lipophilic (mostly chlorophyta), hydrophillic
For what resources do epizootic fungi look for in a host?
attach directly to high CaCO3 form pockmarks for protein and other polymers
What polymer, that tunicin contain, is the nutritional type used by exoskeletal epizootic fungi?
cellulose
What organisms that ontain chitin are the victims of exoskeletal epizootic fungi?
bryozoans and arthropods
what ploymer do exoskeletal epizootic fungi extract from elasmobranch egg case, vertebrate skin or ploychete tubes?
Kertin
What are the two sources of conchiolin?
1. mollusc shells
2. byssus threads
What ploymer do mollusc and barnacles provide to exoskeletal epizootic fungi?
a CaCO3 matric
What disease is caused by fungi on Ucides cordatus? Why is this an issue?
Lethatrgic Crab Diease (LCD). causes mass mortality ( and 38% of households in depend on it for food.
What is the agent of Lethargic Crab Disease?
ascomycote and conidia invade the heart and gill tissue
What is the function of the fungi and algae respectively in Lichin?
mycobiont and photo/phycobiont
What is the relationship between algae and fungi in Lichin?
algae provide aphotsynthesis nutrients for fungi
What group of fungi and photo/phycobiont predominately make up Lichin?
Ascomycota, 50% of know species. some basidiomycota
Chlorophyta, cyanobacteria
What are two types of specialized hyphae that mycobiont contain?
- Rhizines- anchor thallus to the substrate
- Haustoria- physical relationship with algae
What is distinct about the different levels of haustoria?
It ranges from just a bubbling in of both cell walls to a infolding to break down of one cell wall
What costal zones do marine fungus occupy? examples
supralittoral and supralittoral fringe. volcanic lichin is supertidal, sea tar midintertidal,
What tree thallus types fo Marine lichen represent?
- foliose
- fructicose
- crustose
littoral
synomous with intertidal, boundary below highest high tide
What are 3 substratum of Marine Lichen?
rocks, martime plants, drift lumber, dunes (rare)
What are climatic conditions Marine lichen exist under?
salt spray, submersion, ice scoring
What are symbiontic relationships lichen have that are based on habitat improvement?
wood softening for bivalves
What predates marine fungi?
isopod, amphipods, gastropods (take in fungal hyphae), marine nematodes and mites,
About this deck
By: Philip Gwinnell
Created: 2011-10-28
Size: 51 flashcards
Views: 14
Created: 2011-10-28
Size: 51 flashcards
Views: 14
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj
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