- StudyBlue
- Texas
- Texas Tech University
- Communications And Rhetorical Studies
- Communications And Rhetorical Studies 2300
- Dean
- Mass Communications Exam #1
Mass Communications Exam #1
Communications And Rhetorical Studies 2300 with Dean at Texas Tech University
About this deck
By: Courtney Cauthen
Created: 2011-09-18
Size: 73 flashcards
Views: 13
Created: 2011-09-18
Size: 73 flashcards
Views: 13
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The Sullivan Ruling
Ad placed on MLK, L.B. Sullivan sued because of "inaccurate statements" won $500,000, Supreme Court reversed decision and said that only errors are made with malice, with knowledge that there are errors or with reckless disregard for accuracy.
When did the right to print be come an accepted principle in America?
U.S. Constitution & Bill of Rights
Media in Economy
Media occurs through newspapers, magazines, radio, and TV.
Media in policital process
Candidates can pay for ads, get feedback from media.
The Gatekeeping Function
Someone must decide whether or not to use the item and what emphasis to give to it.
What is basic in the right to report?
No one is compelled to talk to a reporter.
Reporters must report accurately.
Right to report is not as strict as others.
Is the right to print and criticize absolute?
Not absolute.
Wartime censorship/national security.
Sharon Trial (he lost why?)
He could not prove Time had acted in malice and had known the story to be false.
Social Responsibility
Communicators, who enjoy a constitutional freedom, have certain obligations to society.
The Market Place Concept
The aims and policies of government are discussed by opposition political leaders, commentadors, editors, and the public in general through the nations news media.
The Watch Dog Concept
News media plays a role in a democracy, watch dog over the government, searches out fraud and corruption at all levels.
The Communicator
Help share public opinion.
Record history, help shape it.
Realize things they write/do effect millions.
Where is the right to report most often denied?
At grass roots/ local level.
Can reporters be excluded from congressional committee meetings? Court sessions?
Yes, yes just by order of judge.
Who has to talk to a reporter?
No one.
What is the legal status of the right to report?
The right to report is not as clearly defined as others, "grey area".
What did the Alien & Sedition Acts do? Why were they passed?
Deport Aliens, they were passed to imprison people.
What did Zenger decision do?
1) Raised the question
2) Made criticism respectable
What does it mean by "the greater the truth the greater the libel"?
If published or said something your guilty.
What was the Red Lion decision?
A Supreme Court decision affirmed the right to regulate broadcasting.
Why do broadcasters complain that they do not enjoy the same First Amendment rights as published?
Federal Communication Agency no one regulates print.
What was unique about Pentagon Press case?
First time government put prior restraint on media.
Is the First Amendment absolute?
No.
Did freedom to print exist from the beginning in the American colonies?
No, under authroiatarianism.
What replaced licensing laws?
Sedition laws- can't bad mouth government.
Define prior restraint before a message can be transmitted.
Licensing, restraining something before transmitted.
Where do we get freedom of the press? What does it say about responsibility?
First amendment, nothing.
Freedom of the Press
You are free to write or say anything.
Is social responsibility controversial? Why?
Yes, it's subjective.
Define the four theories of the press.
Authoritarian-use of a license
Libertarian-all people have access to public express-unbothered by government
Marxist- government owned
Social responsibility- open market place of ideas, government agency to enforce
How does the media influence our habits?
We imitate.
Can public opinion influence public officials?
Yes.
How has advertising affected our standard of living?
Stimulates sales, major contribution to Free Enterprise System.
Would it be possible to have the free society we enjoy without a free press?
True
What do we mean by a trial balloon? A leak?
A leak doesn't take responsibilty for an act.
Do people always vote based on the platforms and substance of the candidates?
No, style and image.
How do political leaders learn what people think?
Feedback-polls
How do public office candidates communicate with the public?
Advertising and coverage
What does it mean by communicator research?
Study charactersitics of successful communication.
What is the agenda setting theory? What would another term be for it?
Media sets agenda by lead story.
Gatekeeping.
In expanded model all communications begin with what?
Source
Who does the term "the press" apply to?
Anyone electronic or print.
Why is there so much criticism of the news media?
News media trys to communicate sad or bad things into mistakes.
What is meant by "E" who judges?
Editors.
How do you measure effectiveness of feedback?
Audience- reaction, sales, polling
The average daily newspaper is written for an 8th grade vocabulary.
True
Name and define four limitations and how they might be overcome.
Channel Noise- redundancy
Semantic Noise- clearly defining audience (use simple words)
Stored Experience- research
Dissonance (inconsistent)
Four basic elements of the communication process.
Communicator-(incoder)
Message
Channel
Audience-(decoder)
Mass Communication
Talking to many sizable audiences.
What is interpersonal communication? Intrapersonal communication?
Talking to audience/talking to yourself.
Communication
Transmission of ideas and emotions.
How many homes are wired for cable? What percentage?
110 million homes (85%)
Average family watches TV how long?
7 hours 2 minutes
How many homes in America have TV sets?
99%
Which has the bigger audience AM or FM?
FM
How many periodicals? How many general interests?
30,000/600
Radio, TV, and newspapers: How many dailies? How many weeklies?
There are many more dailies than weeklies.
Can a newspaper publish a defamatory statement made during a court trial?
Yes.
What is the status of open meetings and open record laws in the states?
Most states have them.
What was the purpose of the Freedom of Information Acts?
People's right to know.
Can law enforcement agencies raid newsrooms?
Yes, but need notice.
What type of protection do reporters have not to reveal sources?
Federal court- no right
State court- discuss shield laws
Shield laws- a reporter can deny the information they gathered
What does libel damage?
Reputation.
Can reporters attend pre-trial hearing over the objections of defendants?
Yes.
What is fair comment and criticism?
A shield that protects press scrutinizing public figures in public issues.
What does a plantiff have to prove in a libel case?
Identification and publications, defamation, fault
What did New York Times do?
Created a new freedom from libel, reckless disregard or libel.
What was the result of the Carol Burnett vs. National Enquirer case?
Prove negligence/disregard truth
What does a private citizen have to prove?
Negligence
Explain the 1973 Supreme Court's ruling regarding the test for pornography.
A. Whether it would be found the work taken as a whole appealing to purient interest.
B. Work depicts or describes in a patently offensive way sexual conduct specifically defined by the applicable state law
C. Lacks serious literary, artistic, political or scientific value
The Communication Process (four aspects)
The communicator, the message, the channel, the audience
Media in Social Structure
News about habits, religious beliefs, customers, dress, ideas regarding sex
TV has greatest impact
protests
About this deck
By: Courtney Cauthen
Created: 2011-09-18
Size: 73 flashcards
Views: 13
Created: 2011-09-18
Size: 73 flashcards
Views: 13
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis
Dennis