may 7
Botany 100 with Graham Linda at University of Wisconsin - Madison
About this deck
By: Adam Kropp
Textbook:
Plant Biology (2nd Edition)
Created: 2012-05-11
Size: 28 flashcards
Views: 4
Textbook:
Plant Biology (2nd Edition)Created: 2012-05-11
Size: 28 flashcards
Views: 4
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desertification
transformation of dry grasslands into deserts
Importance of Deserts
Semi-arid and arid lands cover 1/3 the earth's surface & support >38% of world's population
Physical characteristics
30 degrees N & S lat, relatively young, high temp and transpiration(high rate of evaporation)
Topographic Rain Shadow Effects
- Precipitation falls on one side of a mountain range
- Opposite side is arid
Plant adaptations to Deserts:
trees w/ deep taproots use deep groundwater throughout year
arroyos
depressions in desert topography, subject to flash floods--> Palo Verde grows in these
Palo Verde tree
uses flash floods to disperse seeds--> seeds won't germinate until they've been abratted enough--> ensures they are far from the parent plant
xermorphic
plant has adaptations to prevent excess water loss
Allelopathy
inhibiting seed germination and growth of seedlings within a sphere of chemical influence eminating from the roots--> spaces plants so they avoid competition for water
herbaceous plant dormacy (deserts)
some plants grow only when water is available, dormant when it's not
Desert Annuals
grow & bloom only during rainy season, have very short life cycle, spend long time as dormant seed, only germinate once rainwater has leached inhibtors from the seed
Succulents(water storage)
some desert plants develop leaves designed for storing water in them, like cacti
Desert Algae, mosses and lichens:
tolerate high temps, can survive in nearly dry dormant stages till water becomes available
Causes of Desertification
1)overgrazing and removal of trees and shrubs--> soil washes away
2) removes transpirational leaf surface, so rain clouds don't form
Describe the importance of fire to many forests and grasslands. What are consequences of the prohibition of fire?
- Fire is a natural phenomenon that can renew ecosystems
- Some plant seeds germinate in response to fire
- Increases animal diversity and abundance
- Prohibiting fires can lead to catastrophic fires. Accumulation of combustibles
importance of grasslands
most productive human croplands, store 12% of worlds soil carbon
Grassland charcteristics
low precipitation distributed evenly, high soil fertility, extremes of temperature, frequent fires
Benefits of Grazing
removes tall plants, adds nutirents to soil,
grassland plants
grasses and forbs (non-grass herbaceous plant), fire tolerant trees in savannas
adaptations of grasses:
underground stems, diffuse roots system which convey nutrients from deep in soil to the top, narrow leaves which prevents excess water loss (low SA/V)--> high primary productivity
Grass flowers
adaptded for wind pollination, one ovary w/ 2 feathery stigmas & 3 stamens
lodicules
what grasses have instead of sepals and petals, swell to open flowers
Grass fruits
dry, one seeded fruits known as grains, dispersed by rodents
Grass seed germination
highly coordinated by hormones, allowing rapid germination when rains come--> activates the release of gibberellin
gibberellin(GA)
scutellum transports GA to the aleurone, which breaks down endosperm, providing sugars for respiration--> ATP
Grassland Species
80% are non-grassy forbs
forbs
rely on insect pollination, so flowers are showy, have deep roots that ferry nurtients to plant
Invasive species
displace native plants, very hard to get rid of
About this deck
By: Adam Kropp
Textbook: Plant Biology (2nd Edition)
Created: 2012-05-11
Size: 28 flashcards
Views: 4
Textbook:
Plant Biology (2nd Edition)Created: 2012-05-11
Size: 28 flashcards
Views: 4
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis
Dennis