Medieval Europe

History 111 with Rodner at Tidewater Community College

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By: Barbara Brown
Created: 2011-11-04
Size: 36 flashcards
Views: 3

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Cathedral

Headquarters for bishop. Emphasis on religion in Middle Ages, not humanist. Most significant, much energy on religion.

Castle

Dramatically demonstrates fear, protection, thick walls, dangerous world. Defend yourself/family. Gloomy, depressing, cold.

Feudalism

lack of central authority, kings gave up authority to local lords. Exchange services for land. Things run at local level. Confusing.

Fief

Piece of land given to a person from king to help fight. Not always a good deal.

Lord

Generic name for person who owns the land and gives it away for "favors." Hereditary

Vassal

Person who receives the land. (Confusing, loyalty problem) Hereditary. 2 obligations to Lord 1-Relief -gift something valuable to Lord 2- Aid- Must pay ransom for Lord, gift to daughter, provide hospitality.

Manor

Dividing Fief's into plantations, large farm. Lord, steward, or balliff in manor house.

Serf

People who live on manor, 90% of population, poor, non-free people. Not slaves, must work, have some rights. Taxes too high, ppl swear fealty to rich for protection, work for them for life. Exploited.

corvee

work obligation. 1000s CE, population goes up, farming system working well.

Church-1000s

Got stronger as gvt got weaker. Independent. Centralized authority. At its strongest. Completely separate - OWN $, land, bldgs, legal system, unified language - Latin. Power to excommunicate (damned). Conflict between Pope and King of Holy Roman Empire.

Investiture

Major statement by church. Ceremony when bishop is made bishop. Not for king's involvement.

Lay Investiture

When king or emperor participates in the ceremony. King - Lay person (non-church person) Layman - non-professional. Church person - cleric.

Gregory VII

1077 CE. Serious church leader, pope. Cleans up church corruption. Stop Lay investiture, stop bringing in non-qualified ppl. Excommunicates Henry IV.

Henry IV

King (emperor) warned by Pope Gregory to stop lay investiture, does not stop. Excommunicated by Pope Gregory VII. Kneels in snow for forgiveness from pope. Shows who has power.

Henry II

d. 1189. King Henry II of England. Reforms law codes to get power back to king - common law, statute law. Church interferes. Puts friend in charge of church of England, archbishop of Canterbury. Inadvertently had friend/foe Becket murdered. Had to suffer penance. Power of church.

Canterbury

SE England.

Thomas Becket

Friend of Henry II to be archbishop of England. Becket took job seriously, instead of Henry's pawn. Became bitter enemies. Made a saint, considered a martyr.

Crusades

1090s. Western European Christians attack Islamic world (reclaim Jerusalem). Crusade - "War that would do God's war." Lead army to reclaim south for Christianity. Succeeded for brief time. Population increase-solution send sons on crusades.

Normandy

NE France. Invaded England 1066.

Duke William of Normandy

1060s. Heard of King of England's death, wanted to be king. Invaded south England, defeats Harold, becomes King of England. Built castles, surveys land, commissions church. King of England and Duke of Normandy.

Domesday Book

1087. Survey of England, a source for understanding this period.

Grand Jury

Investigate a crime. Powerful neighbor dispute, go to gvt, panel a jury, gather evidence, accused. Summoned by sheriff, 12-15 ppl. Suggest an accused, indighted, sent to trial, by judges. Late 1200s (after Henry II)

Trial by Ordeal

Prove innocence by battling accusor or test (usually rediculous tests-results determined by God).

Petty Jury

Late 1200s (after Henry II). Jury of peers - by status. Lords tried by lords.

King John

d. 1216. Son of Henry II. Liar, cheat, bad king. Lousy warrior. Lost most of territory in France. Vassals rebelled, John lost. Barrons/vassals insisted John behave.

Magna Carta

1215. "Great Charter" Kings can't do certain things. Ruler limited. Cannot go against custom or law. NOT above the law.

Parliament

Late 1200s. Consultation becomes more formal. Free people (not serfs, not lords), townspeople, knights, vassals, church. Sheriffs hold elections to represent free ppls. Taxes. 1295 first meeting, House of Lords, House of Commons.

Bourgeoisie

Middle class, not serfs, not vassals. Own property, run towns. Merchants, crafts ppl. Est. own gvt, council, committees. Mayor - leader of town council. Collect taxes, garbage collection, cops, operations. Elected.

Guild

Leaders in proffession. Specially trained. Protection, arrangements in dangerous world. Craft union, make sure always enough work, uses influence in city council. Limit competition. Economic interest. Control # of ppl in trade.

Apprenticeship

Training program thru the guild, proffessional, 5-7 years, from leader member-master. Exchange assistance for learning.

Journeyman

Sell your trade, wages for work, qualified. Justify monopoly-good training.

Bologna

NE Italy. 1158 1st university established. Focused education, more detailed, and elaborate. Church and state required more knowledge, specialized training, became more necessary. Open to all, part of church. Church authority - monastary, univ. - independent

Chancellor

Bishop appoints head of university. Teachers-proffessional demand how univ. is run, share, dominate. Worried chancellor would appoint friends/family-unqualified.

Book of Kells

700s. Bible, new testament. Latin, illistrations, title pages, celtic art.

Architecture

Irregular, no symetry. Different than classic. Built for protection.

Charte

Cathedral built 1100s-1200s. NW France. Ideal. Cruciform - cross shape, most important. Symbolism, Roman -arches, vaults, but pointed and uses flying butresses for support. Three windows - holy trinity, stain glass windows.

About this deck

By: Barbara Brown
Created: 2011-11-04
Size: 36 flashcards
Views: 3

About StudyBlue

“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy