Micro Final

Biology 1510 with Kashian at Wayne State University

About this deck

By: oneil doha
Created: 2011-11-21
Size: 17 flashcards
Views: 31

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A] 4 types of light microscopes

B] Brightfield

C] How do you transport a microscope ?

D] Total Magnification Equation

a] Bright-field, Dark field, phase contrast and Fluorescence

b] Allows light to pass through slide & then through various lenses to eye

c] One hand on the arm and other hand under the base

d] Magnification_Oscular X Magnification_Objective

A] Which part is used for major focus and minor focus

B] What is the practical limit of resolution with a light microscope?

C] How to increase resolution

D] The equation for the Numerical Aperture

a] Coarse adjustment used for major and Fine adjustment used for minor focus

b] 1300x

c] Decrease wavelength and add oil immersion , diaphragm should be open

d] D= Wavelength / NA Condenser + NA of objective lens

A] Numerical Aperture (N A) ..... How do you increase it ?

B] The 3 functions of resolution

C] What are the 3 lens systems

D] Function of these systems

? Diaphragm

a] measure of lens ability to capture light coming from a specimen & use it to make the image ...... decrease wavelength and add oil

b] Numerical aperture, Wavelength of light and design of condenser

c] Oscular, Objective and Condenser

d] Oscular: Eye pieces (10x)

Objective: Scanning (4x), Low (10x), High Dry (40x), Oil Immersion (100x)

Condenser: Under stage, collects & directs the light......Concentrates light for uniform illumination

?Controls amount of light coming thru

A] Smears should

B] Purpose of heat fixing

C] Aseptic Technique

D] How should flaming a loop work

a] Withstand washing, should not be thick, organism should be clear to see

b] Kill bacteria, fix them to slide, coagulate cytoplasmic proteins

c] Avoids contamination of pure culture

d] - Flame before & after working with MO

- Flame btw working with diff organisms

- When cooling (DONT WAVE IT AROUND)

A] Simple stains

B] Common dyes used here

C] Why these dyes work

a] Using a simple stain to color bacteria

b] Methylene clue, basic fuchsin and crystal violet

c] Because they have + charges and bacteria are - charge

A] Basic Dyes

B] Acidic Dyes

C] What type of charge do bacteria have

a] Have (+) charge.... Use methylene blue..... can penetrate through bacteria because of attraction btw charges

b] Have (-) charge.... Use Eosin or Nigrosin ..... cannot penetrate thought bacteria because of the repulsion of charge .... No heat fixing (no shrinkage or cell distortion)

c] negative

A] Purpose of negative stain .... what type of dye is used here?

B] Bad side for Nigrosine or Congo Red

C] What are the 2 bacteria's used in negative staining ?

a] Stains the background of slide not MO ..... Nigrosine(india ink)

b] Have to work quickly because it will dry out and also cracks can be created upon drying

c] Klebsiella Pneumoniae and Staphylococcus Epidermidis

A] What are the stains used in capsular staining

B] What 2 types of bacteria are used here and which has a capsular and which doesn't

C] Procedure for capsular staining

? What is the polysaccharide layer referred to as ?

a] Congro Red (background and Maneval's (bacteria)

b] Klebsiella Pneumoniae = Has capsular Staphylococcus Epidermidis = No capsular

c] - Perform negative stain with Congo red, air dry

- Flood with Maneval stain for 1min and rinse w/water

- Blot dry w/ bibulous paper

? Glycolyx

A] Acid Fast stain

B] What is used for Primary stain, Mordant, Decolorizer and counterstain ?

C] Acid fast = what color and Non Acid fast = what color ?

a] Detects presence of mycolic acid (waxy lipid layer) ..... uses the Ziehl-Neelsen Method

b] Primary stain= Phenol(penetrates) and carbolfuchsin (enters bacteria)

Mordant= Seam and Heat for 15min

Decolorizer= Acid-alcohol

Counterstain= Methylene blue

c] AF= red and NAF= Blue

A] What are the 2 diseases caused by Acid Fast

B] 2 types of bacterias used here

a] Tuberculosis and Leprosy

b] Mycobacterium smegmatis (Red) and Staphlococcus epidermidis (Blue)

Gram Stain

A] Bacteria of Bacillus genus

B] In Gram stain what color is - and what color is +

C] The 2 bacterias used

D] What was used for Primary stain, Mordant, Decolorizing and counterstain ?

a] some are gram-variable .. can be gram - or gram +

b] negative= RED and positive= Purple

c] Psuedomonas Aeruginosa (red) and Staphylococcus Epidemidis (purple)

d] Primary= Crystal violet

Mordant= Gram's Iodine

Decolorizing= 95% Ethanol

Counterstain= Safranin

Gram Stain

A] How to determine if its Gram (+) or Gram (-)

B] What is this determining factor made of?

C] How much of peptidoglycan is in G(+) and in G(-)

D] What do G(+) wall have that G(-) do not have and what do G(-) have

a] By the peptidoglycan

b] N-acetylglucoseamine (NAG) and N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM)

c] G(+)= 90% and G(-)= 10%

d] G(+) have Teichoic acid and G(-) have LPS lipopolysaccharide layer

A] What bacteria produces endospores (vegetative cells)

B] All endospores are typically G(+) or G(-)

C] Whats the proteins in exosporium and its function

D] What makes up 10% of the dry weight of core.... how much water is in the core

E] Core contains and endospores formed

a] Bacillus and Clostridium

b] G(+)

c] Keratin and it resist staining

d] Dipicolinic acid and Ca^{2+ .....}10-25%water

e] High levels of small acid-soluble proteins (SASP).... lack of nutrients

Spore Stain

A] How to destroy endospores

B] What are endospores resistant to

C] Diseases that are caused by endospores...... What causes food poisoning ?

D] Which species are aerobes and which are anaerobes

a] autoclaving

b] Heat, drying and UV radiation

c] Anthrax, tetanus (punctures in skin) , and botulism (ingestion of endospores through eating) ..... Bacillus cereus

d] Bacillus= aerobes ....... Clostridium= anaerobes

Spore Stain

A] Method used here?

B] What was used for Primary stain, Mordant, Decolorizing and counterstain ?

C] Type of bacteria used here

a] Shaeffer-Fulton

b] Primary= Malachite Green

Mordant= Heat and Steam

Decolorizing= water

Counterstain= Safranin

c] Bacillus Stearothermophillus: Sub-terminal endospores

Clostridium sporogenes: Terminal endospores

Staphylococcus epidermids: No endospores

Flagellar Staining

A] What type of method is used here

B] Purpose of this method

C] What is the stain agent and Mordant used here?

D] What are the 3 types of movements in bacteria

a] Leifson's method

b] The stain precipitates on the length of the flagella so that it coats the flagella & increases the diameter

c] Stain agent= Pararosaniline ...... Mordant= Tannic Acid

d] Gliding, rotary and Flagellar

Flagellar Staining

A] Amphitrichous

B] Monotrichous

C] Peritrichous

D] Lophotrichous

a] flagella at both ends

b] single flagella at one end

c] flagella all around

d] Several flagella at one end

About this deck

By: oneil doha
Created: 2011-11-21
Size: 17 flashcards
Views: 31

About StudyBlue

“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy