Microbiology Exam I
Medical Science Mlt 110 with Rodondi at Coastal Carolina Community College
About this deck
By: Erika Brinson
Created: 2010-10-11
Size: 73 flashcards
Views: 34
Created: 2010-10-11
Size: 73 flashcards
Views: 34
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BACTERIOLOGY
The study of bacteria and diseases they cause.
MYCOLOGY
The study of fungi (yeasts and molds) and fungal disease.
PARASITOLOGY
The study of pathogenic (disease causing) protozoa and their diseases.
VIROLOGY
The study of viruses and viral disease.
Who is credited with the first accurate description of bacteria?
Leeuwenhoek
Who was responsible for finally ending the controversy surrounding the theory of spontaneous generation?
Pasteur
What commercially important process was Pasteur studying when he developed the technique of pasteurization?
Fermentation of wine
Who was the first person to attempt to control infection during surgery through the use of an antiseptic?
Lister
Who was the first person to demonstrate the causative role of bacteria in infectious disease?
Koch
What group of infectious agents were discovered by what investigator?
Jenner
How was penicillin "accidentally" discovered?
Flemming was growing a bacteria and a strange mold appeared inhibiting his planted bacteria from growing.
What is the difference between bacteremia and sepsis?
Bacteremia is the presence of non-pathogenic bacteria in the blood stream and Sepsis involves bacteria that are multiplying and producing toxins in the blood stream that cause serious disease.
What is the term used to describe the ability of an organism to produce disease?
Virulence
What is a carrier?
Harbors pathogens with no symptoms.
Differentiate between an obligate pathogen and an opportunistic pathogen.
Obligate pathogens always cause a disease (primary)
Opportunistic pathogens only cause disease under certain circumstances (secondary)
Opportunistic pathogens only cause disease under certain circumstances (secondary)
What is the difference between an antiseptic and disinfectant?
Antiseptics are used on tissue and disinfectants are used on surfaces
Review the structures and functions of cellular organelles of bacteria.
Protein - ribosomes
Gram (+) and neg. - cell wall
Attatch of Coagulation - pili
Flagella - locomotion
Capsule - protects from drying, food reservoir, osmotic barrier
Gram (+) and neg. - cell wall
Attatch of Coagulation - pili
Flagella - locomotion
Capsule - protects from drying, food reservoir, osmotic barrier
Know the definitions of various types of arrangement of flagella.
Ambitricious - one on each end
Peritrichous - all over
Mono/Polar - one and one end
Peritrichous - all over
Mono/Polar - one and one end
List some of the characteristics of bacterial spores?
Withstand harsh conditions, gram pos., resistance to heat
Differentiate between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic organisms.
Eukaryotic have a nucleus and Prokaryotic have no nucleus
What is the most specific basis for the taxonomy and classification of bacteria?
DNA hemology
Give a brief definition of various portions of a bacterial growth curve.
Lag phase - cells enlarge and do not divide
Log phase - bacterial growth is rampant
Stationary phase - cell growth is equal to the amount of cell death
Death phase - cell death is much greater than growth
Log phase - bacterial growth is rampant
Stationary phase - cell growth is equal to the amount of cell death
Death phase - cell death is much greater than growth
Define the various terms for the way bacteria obtain energy.
Chemotrophs - require chemicals
Phototrophs - require light
Phototrophs - require light
What is the term used to describe organisms that use only molecular oxygen as the final hydrogen acceptor in respiration?
Aerobic
What is the final hydrogen acceptor in fermentation?
Organic compound
What is meant by the term "facultative"?
Can grow with or without oxygen
How would you classify an organism growing best at body temp? (37 degrees C)
Mesophillic
What is the most convenient method for obtaining a pure culture from a mixed culture?
Streak plate
What is the mordant?
Increases the attachment point of the dye.
How would omitting Iodine affect the Gram stain?
No strain, would turn pink.
What portion of the bacterial cell has the most to do with whether it stains Gram pos. or Gram neg.?
Cell wall
What chemical constituent of this structure is responsible?
Lipids
What is the most critical step in Gram stain produce?
Decolorizer
Which stains are used to demonstrate the presence of acid-fast bacteria?
Kenyon
Flourochrome
Zeihl Neilson
Flourochrome
Zeihl Neilson
List several conditions necessary for the optimum cultivation of bacteria.
Neutral pH
Incubation and body temp.
Correct osmotic pressure and atmosphere
Requires moisture
Incubation and body temp.
Correct osmotic pressure and atmosphere
Requires moisture
What is the melting point of agar?
97 to 100 degrees Celsius
What is the gelling point of agar?
45 degrees Celsius
How would you characterize sheep blood agar?
enriched and differential for hemolysis
List several aspects of a quality control program in the microbiology laboratory.
QC media and equipment, CAP survey, new employee training
What is the most generally useful way to sterilize for the hospital laboratory.
Steam autoclave
How would you sterilize media that cannot withstand high temperature?
Filtration
Describe the various modes of action of disinfectants.
Deactivate or inhibit enzymes, denature protein, disrupt cell membrane
What antiseptic is used to prepare the skin for venipuncture?
70% isopropyl alcohol
What is the best overall disinfectant for hospital use?
Clorox
List several characteristics of an acceptable clinical specimen for microbiology.
Sterile container, proper label (time collected and received)
How soon should all specimens be cultured?
As soon as possible, unless labeled STAT then it will need to be done immediately.
List the areas of the body that are usually sterile and the areas that are normally inhibited by bacteria.
Orifices are inhibited by bacteria
Pleura are closed off and sterile
Pleura are closed off and sterile
When you read cultures from areas that have normal flora, what is the main consideration?
Recognize and ID everything abnormal, if from a sterile location you must ID everything.
Name and briefly define the members of the family Mircococcaceae.
? tetra
What test is used to distinguish the genus Streptococcus from Staphylococcus?
Catalase Test
What is the tube coagulase test?
If a clot is present the result is positive.
What specific type of coagulase (bound or free) does it test for?
Free coagulase
What is hyaluronidase?
Dissolove the supstance that binds, cementing cells together
Name several characteristics of the enterotoxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus.
Food poisoning
What technique is used to track down the specific strain of Staphylococcus aureus responsible for outbreaks of infection in the nursery or O.R.?
Phage typing
Name some of the diseases caused by Staphylococcus.
Boils, acne, Toxic Shock Syndrome, pneumonia, sepsis
List several biochemical characteristics that distinguish Staph. aureus from Staph. epi and give results for each.
Coagulase neg., doesn't ferment manitol salt, normally not hemolytic
How is Staph. saprophyticus differentiated from other Staph.?
Resistant to novovicin
If a colony of Staph. aureus was trapped in the agar of a SBA pour plate, it would be small & hemolytic and would closely resemble what type of Strep?
Beta Strep
What is the purpose of stabbing the agar when doing a throat culture?
Streptolysin O is anerobic, the enhance hemolytic
Which of Lancefield's groups of Strep. are responsible for most clinical infections?
Group A
Which hemolysin is enhanced by this procedure?
Streptolysin O
To which of the above groups does Strep. agalctiae (which causes neonatal meningitis and septicemia) belong?
Group B
Which group of Strep. is associated with UTI's and wound infections, but are part of the normal flora of the GI tract?
Group D
What is the role of the capsule in infections due to Strep. pneumoniea?
Virulence factor
What is the most common cause of SBE?
Normal in the mouth, goes into the blood stream, and enters a part of the heart that is unhealthy or has been surgically repaired.
What organism would be indicated by a Gram stain of foul smelling pus from a brain absess that shows Gram pos. cocci in chains?
Anaerobic strep
Which strain of Strep. is associated with infections due to Mycoplasma pheumoniae?
Strep MG
What is the reagent used for the oxidase test used in the ID of Neisseria?
Tetramethyl-p-pheynlenediamine
What antibiotics are found in MTM and what do they do?
Nistatin, vancomycin
What infections are caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae?
Arthritis, sepsis, blindness, gonorrhea
What specimen is used to detect carriers of Neisseria meningitidis?
Throat culture on chocolate agar
What enzyme is produced by strains of Neisseria that are resistant to penicillin?
Beta lactamase
About this deck
By: Erika Brinson
Created: 2010-10-11
Size: 73 flashcards
Views: 34
Created: 2010-10-11
Size: 73 flashcards
Views: 34
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy
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