Microbiology Test II

vector-hard ticks; host-various small mammals; geography-S.E./ Eastern seaboard. Heavy wooded areas. Use treezors and pull straight up; don't aggitate. Clinical: 2-4 incubation, followed by substained fever; chills, headache, muscular pain; spotted rash occurs 2-4 days after prodromium-rash starts wrist and ank;es, moves to arms and legs, converges to chest-covers entire body.  appears mottled-blotchy; macular-raised; maculopapular-raised highter spots blister or petechial-pinpoint hemoraging; 

vector-ticks; host-domesticated farm animals, cattle, sheep, goats; geography-worldwide(highest in TX & CA); spore like forming; portals of entry lungs, skin, conjunctiva and GI tract. Clinical: skin rash usually not seen. Complication can include pneumontis, hepatitis and endocarditis. Not a true spore.

vector-unharmed body louse; host-humans; geography-Africa Mexico, Europe; leg pain in shin bone; no (oip) obligatge intracellular parasite;  

vector-domestic cat; host-cat; geography-worldwide; cat scratches or bites; most cases are mild. Clinical:1-2 weeks after scratch/bite cluster of papules at site of incoulation; lymph nodes along lymphatic drainage swell (internal)and become pus filled; most infections remain localized and resolve in a few weeks.

Vasculitis; perivascular infiltration by inflammatory cells; vascular leakage; thromboisi; intravascular clotting (especially in brain). This pathology leads to: skin rashes, edema, hypotension, gangrene and changes in mental status.

 

Not OIP-vector-human; host-human; geography-worldwide; more women then men; can be cariers and not even know; asymtematic trasnmission; infectious secretion; 1)trachoma strain-attacks squamous or columnar cells of mucous membranes in eyes, genitourinary tract and lung; produces ocular trachoma and inclusion conjunctivitis (not very rare). 2)lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) strain-attacks the lymphatic tissues of the genitalia-very rare.

Riticulate body-large noninfectious form; Elementary body-small metabolically inactive, infectious form, developed; Riticulate bodies differentiate into elementary bodies; elementary bodies are released from host cell and are able to infect additional host cells.

Inhabit some of the most extreme environmental conditions known (anerobic swamp must, bottom sediments of lakes and oceans, digestive systems of some animals); Exceptional structure and physiology; capable of some amazing synthesis reactions; unusual, chemically distinct cell walls; some lack a cell wall (their cytoplasmic membranes must serve to protect the bacteria.

Some form spores; some form branched or fragmented "mycellium"-mold, bread with mold, fuzzy growth on bread; cause chronic granulomatous (can cause bumb on skin), disfiguring diesases like fungi but Actinomycetes are prokaryotic cells (bacteria). Filmentous gram positive bacteria; may be related to mycobacteria, acid fast bacteria; two important Genera:Actinomyces and Nocardia; other genera include soil bacteria (Streptomyces and Micromonospora).

Actinomycosis-part of normal flora; endogenous infection of the cervico-facial, thoracic/abdominal regions by actinomyces living normally in the human mouth, tonsils and intestine; Cervical involvement is associated with poor oral hygiene, rampant dental caries and as a complication of tooth extraction; spread is common in person with poor health-seen in IV drug abusers; Symptoms include tender nodules in the neck or jaw that give off a discharge containing visible sulfur granules; large nodules

organisms have a cell wall that stain gram positive, bulk of their cell wall is comprised of unique types of lipids including mycolic acids (cord factor). These cell stain acid fast positive. Disease-Norcardiosis; N. Brasiliensisis a primary pulmonary pathogen; causes a form of bacterial pneumonia with pathology and symptoms similar to TB (ie, lung abscesses). Other species of Nocaria cause curanious or subcutaneous infections. geography-most cases in US are found in pts with deficient immunity.

These are bacteria that parasitize (when it leaves the bacteria it destroys it) other bacteria; they are 1 to 2 um in length; Reproduction-Bdellovibrios collide at high speed with bac and bore into bacteria's cell wall forming a pore; bdell enter the bac through the pore and lodge bet the cell wall and the cytoplasmic membrane; bdell get nutrients from the bac and elongates. It then segments into indiv bac cells.  The bdell lyses a section of the bac cell wall, leaves the bac, leaving a "ghost."

Inhabit some of the most extreme environ conditions known (aerobic swamp must, bottom sediments of lakes and oceans, digestive systems of some animals). Exceptional structure and physiology; capable of some amazing synthesis reactions; unusual, chemically distinct cell walls; may be composed of polysaccharides or pure pro or fatty acids; all lack peptidoglycan cell wall structure of typical bac; some lack a cell wall (their cytoplasmic membranes must serve to protect the bac).