Midterm 1 Vocabulary

Architecture 318 with Long at University of Texas - Austin

About this deck

By: Sarah Schmitt
Created: 2011-02-12
Size: 130 flashcards
Views: 120

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stereobate

foundation or platform on which a building or row of columns is erected

gable

the upper, usually triangual part of a wall below the end of a roof with two sloping sides (sides usually straight)

adyton

inner room of a temple, situated behind the cella

hipostyle hall

hall with a roof supported by many columns, usually in rows

peristyle court

roofer, columned porch or colonnade surrounding a building or courtyard

axis

an imaginary straight line about which parts of a building or a group of buildings are arranged

obelisk

tall, square stone shaft usually of one piece, tapering upward and ending in a pyramidal tip

pylon

monumental entrance to an ancient egyptian temple; pylon is sometimes used to mean one of the two rectangular, tuncated pyramidal towers flanking such an entrance

megaron

principal hall of an Anatolian, Cretan, or Mycenaean palace or hall. Rectangular in plan, with a circular central hearth and a front porch formed by the prolongation of the side walls (hairpin megaron = u-shaped, with curved end walled off to make a back room)

anta (in antis)

the pier or pilaster created by the prolongation of the side walls of a building, often forming the ends of a portico or porch

entablature

the top most part of a classical order; the elaborated beam that a column supports (divided horizontally in to the architrave (bottom) frieze, and cornice (top))

metope

the square space, often decorated with sculpture, between the triglyphs of a doric frieze

stylobate

the top or top step of the substructure or platform on which columns stand

ionic

greek order: more delicate and ornate; feminite; favors curves; often features plants and leaves

doric

greek order characterized by right angles, sharp geometries; conservative, masculine; stood apart from landscape

order

any of several styles of classical arch. characterized by the type of column and entablature employed

labyrinth

winding, single passageway (king minos used one in his palace at knossos to impress visitors and show control)

skene

structure where greek actors changed costume (part of theatre)

auditorium

place from which you could hear; part of the greek theatre

amphi prostyle

temple with a portico at both the front and the rear

beehive chamber

burial structure characterized by its false dome; created by corbelling mud bricks / stones

rubble masonry

rough, unfinished building stone set in mortar, not laid in regular courses

volute

spiral, scroll-like ornament found on the capital of ionic columns

dipteral

double peristyle; 2 rows of columns all the way around the temple

bas relief

sculptural relief in which the projection from the surrounding surface is slight and no part of the modeled form is undercut (painted over)

double peristyle

2 rows of columns around the entire temple

pteron

peristyle raised on a lofty podium

dentil

tooth-shaped rectangles above the frieze; lower part of the corncie in a corinthian column

acroterium

statues on top of roof (meaning "high up there" in greek)

soffit

underside of roof where it extends out

enneastyle

9 columns

opisthodomos

back part of temple

distyle

2 columns

hexastyle

6 columns

octastyle

8 columns

tetrastyle 4 columns

null

decastyle

10 columns

tholos

round, corbel-vaulted Mycenaen tomb; or any round ancient greek building

ashlar masonry

consists of smooth squared stones laid with mortar in horizontal courses

piano nobile

the main floor of a house, usually one story above the ground floor

polychromy

architectureal decoration using a variety of colors or varicolored materials

polis

a city (greek for town)

dromos

long, high-walled entrance to a Mycenaean tomb

fresco

a wall-painting made on wet plaster with water-based colors

cavea

the tiered, semicircular seating area in an ancient roman theatre (greek)

agora

open meeting place or market place in an ancient greek city

propylaia

a monumental entranceway to a sacred enclosure

portico

covered entranceway or porch with columns on one or more sides

proscenium

stage of an ancient greek or roman theater

caryatid

a sculptured, draped female figure used as a pillar/column

mosaic

surface decoration formed by small cubes of glass or stone (tesserae) set in mortar or plaster

orchestra

in an ancient greek or sroman theater, the circular or semicircular space before the front row of seats

temenos

a walled sacred enclosure around an ancient geek altar or temple

stoa

an ancient greek, long, roofed portico with columns along the front and a wall at the back

bouleterion

greek assemble buuilding or council hall

porch

covered entranceway to a building

amphitheatre

a round, semicircular or oval outdoor arena surrounded by rising tiers of seats

entasis

a slight convex bulge given to a column to offset the optical illusion that it is thinner in the middle

architrave

the beam that spans a pair of columns as the lowest part of an entablature

echinus

circul, upward-flaring, lowest part of a doric capital, or the corresponding decorated part of the other orders

shaft

main part of a column, between the base and the capital

base

lowest supporting part of a column, pier, or wall

pediment

originally the triangular gable end of an ancient greek or roman temple (sides may be straight or curved)

flute (d)

shallow, vertical, concave groove ona column shaft or pilaster; called fluting when in a series

cella (naos)

the main room in a classical temple, housing the cult statue

prostyle

having a row of columns before only one face of a building

peripteral

surrounded bya single row of columns

pronaos

the vestibule of an ancient greek or roman temple, with side walls and a row of columns along the front

triglyph

a vertically grooved block between the metopes in a doric frieze

tympanum

segmental space enclosed by the lintel or beam over a doorway and the arch above it; the triangular space within the moldings of a pediment

cornice

projecting ornamental molding along the top of a building or wall; or the top, projecting part of an entablature

frieze

in a classical order, the middle horizontal division of an entablature, often decorated with sculpture; or an elevated, horizontal decorative band on a wall

abacus

the uppermost part of a classical capital, often a plain, square slab

captial

the topmost part of a column or pilaster, above the shaft

column

a cylindrical, vertical support, usually tapering upward and made either in one piece (monolightic) or of shorter cylindrical pieces the full diameter of the column (drumgs); in classical architecture, a column exists of a base, a shaft and a captial

tensile frame

saplings bent and embedded in the ground, in tension to create a framework of a structure

plan

a bird's eye view; a 2-d drawing of a structure from overhead; horizontal disposition of solid parts and voids of enclosed space

section

a dwg of a vertical slice thru a bdg at some imagined plane

longitudinal section

cut along the long axis of a structure

cross section

opposite of a longitudinal section; cut perpendicular to the longest axis

elevation

an exterior or interior vertical face of a bdg, or a dwg of the same as if flattened on a vertical plane

volume

the among of space occupied by a 3d object

compression frame

structural frame in compression; principal stress comes mianly from axial forces usually running along the center line

site plan

architectural plan that provides an overhead perspective of how different structures would appear on a site (showing how it will be developed)

perspective

approximate representation (2d) of an image the way it would be seen by the eye (based on spatial attributes, dimensions, and the position of the eye)

isometric

employs equal measures/ same scale used for height, width, depth

axonometric

being or prepared by the projection of objects on the drawing surface so that they appear inclined with three sides showing and with horizontal and vertical distances drawn to scale but diagonal and curved lines distorted

wattle and daub

a construction system using woven branches and twigs plastered over with mud as filling between the larger members of a wooden frame

dolmen

a prehistoric tomb made up of large, upright stones, capped with a horizontal stone, and originally buried under an earth mound

gallery grave

prehistoric tomb in the form of a rooed stone corridor buried under an earth mound

megalithic

built of huge, irregular stones

lintel

a horizontal beam or stone that spans an opening

trabeated

construction using upright posts and horizontal lintels, not arches or vaults; post-and-beam construction

menhir

prehistoric monument in the form of a single large upright stone

mass

the effect of bulk, density, and weight of matter in space

mortise and tenon

a wood-joining method in which a projecting tongue (tenon) of one member is fitted into the hole (mortise) of corresponding shape in another member

cromlech or henge

cromlech: prehistoric circular enclosure made of huge stones; henge: a circle of upright stones or posts

barrow

burial mound/chamber, a heap of earth placed over prehistoric tombs

corbelled vault

concave roof constructed with corbelling, or parallel masonry layers, each projecting beyond the one below

passage grave

consists of a narrow passage made of large stones and one or multiple burial chambers covered in earth or stone (megaliths usually used in construction);leads to broader burial chamber, often roofed, within round mound

pier

solid masonry support, often rectangular or square in plan

tectonics

the theory and techniques of construction

cyclopean masonry

stonework that uses huge irregular stones laid without mortar

trilithon

structure consisting of two large vertical stones (posts) supporting a third stone set horizontally across the top (lintel)

cob

mixture of mud/clay and a binder (straw, manure, chalk, gravel)

piled up to build walls

starts with broad base, narrows as you build up

adobe

unbaked, sun-dried brick or building block made of a mixture of clay and straw

half-timbering

construction system in which a wooden frame is left exposed and filled in with brick or plaster

pise (pise de terre), also rammed earth

stiff, packed earth or clay used as a building material

nice

a recess in a wall

ziggurat

Mesopotamian temple - tower in the form of a stepped pyramid

orthogonal planning

grid system; uses right angles (egypt)

column (fluted)

grooves or channels run parallel down the shaft of the column

clerestory

the elevated range of windows in a wall that rises above adjacent roofs

step pyramid

series of piled mastabas (egypt)

spur wall

a short wall that projects at a right angle from a main wall

cavetto cornice

projecting molding (along the top of a building or wall) holllowed in the shape of a quarter circle

relief

carved or embossed decoration raised above a background plane

mastaba

ancient egyptian flat-topped, rectuangular tomb with sloping (battered) sides

colonnade

a row of columns supporting a beam or entablature

pyramid

structure where the outer surfaces are triangular and coverge at a point (base can be trilateral, quadrilateral, or polygonal)

capstone

any single stone in a protective capping or coping on top of a wall or post

lotus capital

topmost part of a column, above the shaft; common egyptian capital that immitates a lotus bud

serdab

an ancient egyptian closed statue chamber

Corinthian

most attenuated and richly decorated of the orders

more graceful ornamentation, imitates the slight figure of a maiden

column capitals framed by acanthus leaves

mostly follows ionic style

lacks triglyphs, metopes

Acanthus

leaves of an acanthus tree - framed capitals of corinthian columns

arcuated

using arches

arch

a curved structure, usually made of wedge-shaped stones which spans an opening

module

unit of measurement to which parts of a building are related by simple ratios (perhaps the diameter of a column dictates the measurements of all components of a Hellenistic temple...)

kouros

sculpture of ideal greek boy

hypaethral

"open to the sky"

About this deck

By: Sarah Schmitt
Created: 2011-02-12
Size: 130 flashcards
Views: 120

About StudyBlue

“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj