Midterm 1

Counseling Psychology 650 with Gloria at University of Wisconsin - Madison

About this deck

By: Anonymous
Textbook:

Interviewing: Art and Skill
Created: 2010-03-21
Size: 85 flashcards
Views: 141

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communication

-bidirectional

-multicultural

-constant process

-multiple dimensions

-steeped in cultural context, assumptions, expectations, values and social processes

Interviews

a communication interaction that is between 2 or more parties and is purposeful

parties use questions, answers, statements, etc to exchange information, to influence one another, and determine action

Types of interviews

journalistic, research, persuasive, legal, selection, appraisal, discipline, diagnostic, counseling

Journalistic Interviews

primary: gather info

secondary: entertain

outcome: good story

Research Interviews

primary: learn about group of individuals

secondary: apply info

outcome: valid reliable data

Persuasive Interivews

primary: sell an idea or product

secondary: maintain credibility

outcome: satisfied customer

Legal Interviews

primary: discover facts or gain info

secondary: solve case

outcome: "prove" innocence

Selection Interviews

primary: evaluation

secondary: self promotion

outcome: good match

Appraisal Interviews

primary: evaluation feedback

secondary: set goals

outcome: accurate evaluation

Discipline Interviews

primary: feedback regarding problem

secondary: info and decision

outcome: plan of action

Diagnostic Interviews

primary: identify problem

secondary: get relevant facts

outcome: accurate diagnosis

Counseling Interviews

primary: self-knowledge

secondary: feedback, suggestions

outcome: growth and change

culture

those values, attitudes, behaviors, beliefs, and norms into which we are socialized

worldview

how one perceives his/her relationship to the world

johari window

model to describe process of human interaction and communication

-created by Joseph Luft and Harry Ingrahm

A open

B hidden

C blind

D unknown

self-disclosure

feedback

opens A and decreased B

builds trust, comfort and confidence

opens A and decreases C

engenders more knowledgeable and intentional communication

perceptual biases

made within seconds and minutes of interaction

based on other's behaviors and own preconceptions

ex: first impressions

lead to confirmatory bias

communication is influenced by...

socialization of individual

past experiences

cultural values and beliefs

worldview

ability to send and receive messages

verbal

nonverbal

selective attention

implicit personality theory

first impressions

context and position within setting

unique physiological abilities and limitations

types of body posture and gestures

movement synchrony

mirrored actions ex: ballet

movement complementarity

paired actions ex: one person talks the other nods

movement dissynchrony

lack of movement harmony

Proxemics

Edward T Hall

Intimate 6-18 inches

Personal 1.5-4 feet

Social 4-12 feet

Public 12 feet or more

bubble is...

larger if talking to a stranger

larger for man and woman who are strangers

larger for 2 men than 2 women

varies by culture

channels of communication

-aural

-verbal content

-cognitive elaborations

-interpretations, selective attention

-visual cues

-nonverbals

The Interpersonal Circle

dominance - submission

affiliation - hostility

self as barometer

Definition of counseling

interview in which counselor and client:

-collaborative

-to help client gain insight into

-and cope with or navigate a concern

address or facilitate change of clients

-behavior

-beliefs or attitudes

-emotion

Atkinson, Thompsin, and Grant

8 roles of counseling

educational/informational to

theapeutic/personal

advisor

advocate

facilitator of indigenous support systems

facilitator of indigenous healing systems

consultant

change agent

counselor

psychotherapist

Psychoanalysis

problems and goal

problem: unconscious impulses

goal: self-knowledge acceptance

Behaviorism

problems and goal

problem: contingincies of reinforcement

goal: change reward structure

Rationalism

problems and goal

problems: irrational thoughts

goal: identify and dispute thoughts

What common factors of counseling types might be important?

-therapeutic relationship

-therapist credibility

-meaning-making

-listening actively

Common Approaches to Training in Helping Skills

Active Listening

Effective Inquiry

Reflection of Feelings

Reflection of Content

Levels of Listening

hearing

pseudo-listening

enjoyment

remembering

comprehension

Parts of Active Listening

eye contact

attentive body language

vocal style

verbal following

Egan SOLER model

face client squarely

adopt open posture towards client

lean toward the client

make and maintain eye contact

be relaxed during the interview

Function of Questions

-to gain or confirm information

-affect relationship (rapport, formality)

-determine control

Open-ended start points

tell me about...?

What...?

How...?

Why...?

Advantages of Open Questions

-encourage interviewee to talk

-reveal what clients feel as well as biases

-easier to answer and pose less a threat

-communicate trust or interest

Disadvantages of Open Questions

-response may consume large portion of time

-interviewee determines direction and time of response

-may reveal unimportant info

-difficult to record, process, and analyze

Closed Question Start Points

Do...?

Is/was...?

Where...?

Who...?

When...?

Advantages of Closed Questions

-allows interviewee to control length of answers

-can focus on specific info needed

-require little effort from either party

-easy to replicate, count, or analyze info

Disadvantages of Closed Questions

-contains little info and often requires multiple questions be asked

-interviewer often talks more

-does not reveal attitude, feeling, or choice of person

-stifles volunteer of info

Primary Q's

Secondary Q's

primary: introduce topics or new areas within a topic

secondary: used to gain additional info or clarification (follow-up or probe questions)

Types of Secondary Questions

-silence

-minimal encourager

-clearinghouse

-informational

-restatement

-reflection

neutral

leading

neutral: allow clients to decide upon answers without direction or pressure

leading: suggest an answer or desired response

Additional Types of Questions

-third person Q's

-projective Q's

Improper Q's

-Social Desirability Q's

-Loaded Q's

Suggested Don'ts of Questions

-rapid-fire or grilling Q's

-double-barrel Q's

-open/closed Q's

-pose overly long q's

-pose too short Q's

-jargon Q's

-curiosity Q's

Why study feelings?

-undergird life experiences

-source for thoughts and actions

-in helping situations assist in identifying, clarifying, and making meaning of client's situations and naming an emotion makes it easier to cope with feeling

Theories about emotion

-neuro-psychological states

emotion = brain structure and chem

-physiological processes

emotion = body states of autonomic arousal

-perception of physiological processes

emotion = state of arousal and cognitions about cause

-adaptive disposition

emotion = functional or helpful for survival

-evaluative judgments

emotion comes from our assessment of the environment

Basic emotions

happy

sad

fear

anger

supplemental emotions

surprise disgust

emotions vital to...

survival (fight or flight)

self-awareness (attend, organize, and interpret information)

The Rogers

unconditional positive regard, genuineness, feelings

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

physiological

safety

love, affection, belongingness

esteem

actualization

empathy

emotional resonance

recognition and understanding of the states of mind

beliefs, desires and emotions of others

cultural empathy

put oneself in another's shoes culturally and contextually

feelings are...

-socialized (difficult, gender)

-elusive

-unexpected

-ability to name is critical

Techniques to reflect feelings

-attend nonverbals

-label affect

-use appropriate tense

-mirror affect

-check for accuracy

5 parts of feeling statement

1. sentence stem

2. feeling label

3. context

4. tense

5. check-out

challenges to reflecting feeling

-feel sympathy not empathy

-accurate identification of affect

-can mix own feelings and client's feelings

-multiple feelings present

-uncomfortable with intensity of clients feelings

benefits of reflection of feeling

-validation

-address basic need for interpersonal connection

-provide meaning or direction

-promote expanded self-awareness

-expand scope of interviewee narrative

Jean Piaget

learning is...

-a dynamic process

-comprised of different stages

-based on basic principles

schemas

-categories of knowledge that help us to understand and make sense of the world

-set of rules to understand and respond to a given situation

a conceptual model
how the world works
guides action

cognitive misers

-we are stingy with our cognitive processes

-use shortcuts to simplify information

assimilation

-integration of new info into existing schema

accomodation

-alter schemas based on new info

-more difficult.challenging process

-new schemas result

techniques for content reflection

paraphrasing

summarizing

purpose of paraphrasing

-reflect main idea of last statement

-convey interest and attention

-check understanding

-clarify or synthesize content for client

-keep flow of interviewee content and interview going

method of paraphrasing

-provide core aspects of interviewee;s message back to him/her

-use own words

steps

1. sentence stem

2. recall content and time

3. translate key content into own words

4. confirm accuracy

purpose of summarizing

-pulls together essence of a number of previous statements

-checks grasp of "big picture"

-identify common theme or pattern

-pace and direct session

-review progress

method of summarizing

-synthesis of interview's paraphrases

-use own words

steps

1. recall key affect, content and time

2. identify patterns and themes

3. translate info into own words

4. confirm accuracy

models of difference

pathological model

-genetically deficient or lacking desirable attributes

-Darwin - intellectual superiority of one race over another

-the bell curve - intelligence based on racial difference

models of difference

culturally deficient

"The Culturally Deprived Child"

-person deprived, disadvantaged, or impoverished due to:

nutritional - malnutrition contributes to physical and mental impairment

sociocultural - exposure to culture with lacking resources

psychological - lower self concept

linguistic - inability to communicate

models of difference

culturally different

-sets standard for normalcy

-creates comparison groups

-begs the ?: difference from whom? or what? which group is better?

models of difference

culturally diverse

-shift from differences to diversity

-identifies difference as positive aspect

-encourages ability to be self-aware

-requires comfort with "difference"

considerations about diversity

-difference does not = deviance

-cautious in assuming standard reference point

-consider approach to difference and influence on interview ?'s

culture is dynamic

traditionailty-modernism

acculturation

enculturation

traditionailty-modernism

those values which are ascribed

acculturation

degree to which values are held

enculturation

socialization of values

Gilbert Wrenn

Paul Pederson

Wrenn: culturally encapsulated

Pederson: extended ideal and advanced relative to understand communication differences

challenges to understanding individual diversity

1. reality defined according to one set of cultural assumptions

2. insensitivity to cultural variations among individuals

-assume views are the only right ones

3. people's assumptions not dependent on reasonable proof or rational consistency

4. seek solutions thru technique-oriented strategies and quick and simple remedies

5. judgments made from own reference without regard for others contexts

Control

Internal: control rests with individual

External: control by some external force

Responsibility

Internal: person

External: system

IC-IR

-believe masters of own fate

-actions affect outcomes

-current status due to won efforts

EC-IR

-accept idea of self-responsibility but have little real control

-"marginal man" Stonequist

EC-ER

-blames system

-feels little can be done

-attempt to placate

IC-ER

-able to shape own life if given the chance

-present state due not to own "weakness"

About this deck

By: Anonymous
Textbook:

Interviewing: Art and Skill
Created: 2010-03-21
Size: 85 flashcards
Views: 141

About StudyBlue

“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy