Midterm 1.1
Communicative Disorders 303 with Fourakis at University of Wisconsin - Madison
About this deck
By: Autumn Smith
Created: 2009-10-25
Size: 52 flashcards
Views: 54
Created: 2009-10-25
Size: 52 flashcards
Views: 54
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What is sound?
Variation in air pressure
Most sounds are _______ sounds. _____ sounds are handmade.
complex; pure
Frequency=
1/period
X and Y axis of FFT?
amplidtude and frequency
X and Y axis of LPC?
amplitude and frequency
What spectrum do we use for non-periodic sound (noise)? Why?
LPC spectrum because its too complicated to get exact frequencies; just use ballpark estimates.
X and Y axis of a spectogram?
frequency and time
What time frame does the spectogram show?
shows frequency at one specific moment in time
What is shown in a spectogram?
black, grey, and white lines, showing the amount of energy.
In a spectogram, what frequencies are more prevalent?
lower frequencies carry more information
What is a window?
a peak into an acoustic signal, defined by time.
What does a small window show?
changes over time
What does a large window show?
frequencies
In a computer, when air pressure increases, the numbers sampled ________
increases
T or F: on a computer, how often you measure the air pressure coming in matters
True
The ______ measurements you take, the ____ the computer diagram looks like the actual waveform.
more; closer
What is sampling rate?
the number of times you measure air pressure of an incoming signal
The sampling rate is determined by doubling the _________
fundamental frequency
T or F: no matter what, the computer will never be the same as the physical sound produced.
True
What is a source?
A creator of sound
What does a source do?
converts kinetic energy into acoustic energy
What are the 3 sources?
Glottal, transient, and continuous
What is the only periodic source?
Glottal source
What is the glottal source?
airflow is stopped, pressure is created under the glottis and builds until the vocal folds split apart to release the pressure
What is transient noise source?
airflow is stopped, then air molecules are released rapidly, which creates a momentary increase in air pressure outside the mouth
What is a continuous noise source?
forcing airflow to go through a constriction, causing a variation in air pressure
Periodic sounds have components called ______, which are ________ of the fundamental frequency
harmonics, integer multiples
Everyone's fundamental frequencies are different due to the size of the _________
vocal folds
What is the source-filter theory?
states that the output energy is a product of the source energy and the filter
What must resonance have?
must have a body that can move and a driving force to act upon it
What sounds are produced by the glottal source?
vowels, nasals, liquids, glides
What sounds are produced by the transient source?
stops
What sounds are produced by the continuous source?
voiceless fricatives
What sounds are produced by a double source (continuous and glottal)
voiced fricatives
What is the main difference between the transient and the continuous sources?
duration; both are short, but transient is much shorter
What is the first peak in a spectrum called?
the fundamental frequency
If you match the resonance and the _______, the air particles will move. If you don't match them, they won't move
frequency
We can figure out the resonant frequency by knowing the ______
length of the tube
where does the driving force come from?
the layrnx
If the ______ frequency matches the resonant frequency, then the air mass will move/vibrate.
driving force
X and Y axis of a waveform?
atmospheric pressure and time
X and Y axis of a spectrum?
amplitude and frequency
What does an FFT spectrum show?
the frequencies and how strong they are
What does and LPC spectrum show?
the spectral envelope; a ballpark estimate of the frequencies
What is a resonance curve? What is another name for it?
it describes how a body of air will move if it is driven by forces at different frequencies; transfer function
A resonance curve will really like one frequency, called the _______
resonant frequency
What is the source filter theory?
the ability of objects to vibrate if they are forced to vibrate at their natural frequencies
What does a resonance curve/transfer function show us?
it tells us how mass of air transfers air from one end to the other.
Small masses have higher/lower resonant frequencies?
higher
F=c/4l only works if the tube is _____
uniform
Resonant frequencies are ___ integers of the c/4l
odd
If the air molecules are driven by an of the first 3 frequencies, then they will resonate at ___________
maximal displacement
About this deck
By: Autumn Smith
Created: 2009-10-25
Size: 52 flashcards
Views: 54
Created: 2009-10-25
Size: 52 flashcards
Views: 54
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy
Kathy