Midterm 3

Anthropology 2030 with Shenk at University of Missouri- Columbia

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By: Zach Walker
Created: 2010-12-05
Size: 57 flashcards
Views: 81

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Social Class

Correlates with differences in attitudes, behavior, lifestyle and values.

The American Dream

The ability to move upward in the class system with hard work. Based on democratic principle of equality and opportunity for all.

Class Markers & Social Mobility

Occupation: Types of work & cultures of work. Skills and knowledge. Education: Class ideologies of education. The college quest and payoffs to higher education.

Accumulation of wealth

Wealth vs income. Social norms re display of wealth.

Class Markers

Health, morbidity and longevity. Diet and obesity, smoking and longevity.

Class Markers cont.

Family and Residence Patterns. Family structure, neighborhood effects, voluntary segregation.

Ethnicity

Perceived differences in culture, national origin and historical experience by which groups of people are distinguished from others.

Ethnic Group

Categories of people who see themselves as sharing an identity that differentiates them from other groups.

Ethnic boundaries

Perceived cultural attributes by which ethnic groups distinguish themselves.

Essentialism

Ethnicity comes from differing historical, demographic and economic conditions.

Social Constructionism

Ethnic identity emerges in response to social conflict within the group or with other groups in the society of which it is a part.

Nation State

Nation states often most strongly identified with culturally homogeneous populations and national histories.

Ethnic Conflict

Often a product of contemporary economic, political and social conditions that produce competition in society. Ethnic violence caused by political manipulation of cultural differences, not ethnicity per se.

Assimilation Model

Immigrants should abandon traditions and adopt American culture

Melting Pot Model

Immigrants will meld together into a new American culture

Mosaic Model

Multiculturalism; cultural diversity is a positive aspect of American national identity.

Race

Culturally constructed category based on perceived physical differences between groups of people. Physical differences are real but their categorization is arbitrary and can differ greatly between cultures.

Religion

A set of beliefs concerning the cause, nature, and purpose of the world or universe.

Human Universal

Religious beliefs and behavior are found in all cultures. Most religions are centered around a cosmology, a system of beliefs that seeks to describe the origin

Functions of Religion

Gives sense of order, meaning and identity by explaining aspects of the physical and social environment.

Functions of Religion

Provides guidelines for behavior in ordinary and extraordinary circumstances. Moral codes and rituals

Functions of Religion

Reduces anxiety and provides a sense of control. Primarily through prayer and magic.

Functions of Religion

Preserves/reinforces the social system. Sacred stories and rituals provide a rationale for the present social order.

Sacred Narrative

A ritual power that is evoked by telling them or acting them out ritually.

Religious Symbols

Religious symbols are multivalent, which means that they include many different and sometimes contradictory meanings into a single word.

Supernatural Beings

Most religions populate the world with supernatural beings or spirtis.

Anthropomorphic

Human shape

Anthropopsychic

Having thoughts and emotions similar to humans

Zoomorphic

Having an animal shape

Naturalistic

Having a form related to the natural world

Gods

Named spirits who are believed to have created or control some aspect of the world.

Trickster Spirit

Trickster spirits come in many guises, but their key characteristic is that they are interested in their own benefit, not that of human beings.

Mana

Mana is religious power or energy that is concentrated in individuals or objects. Mana gives one spiritual power but it can also be dangerous.

Rite of Passage

Events marking the transition of a person from one status/state to another. Separation from community, liminal stage when one exists outside of statuses in ritual space and reincorporation participants are returned to their community with new status

Rites of Intensification

Rituals directed toward the welfare of the group or community rather than the individual. Structured to reinforce the values and norms of the community.

Prayer

Any communication between people and spirits/god. Prayer may involve giving praise , thanks, confession, repentance.

Sacrifice

Offerings to gods/spirits to increase their spiritual purity. Fasting, sacrificing animals.

Magic

An attempt to mechanistically control supernatural forces.

Divination

A religious ritual performed to find useful information or hidden objects through the help of supernatural agents.

Scapulomancy

Inuit practice of using the scorched shoulder blade of an animal to choose hunt sites.

Shaman

Individual who is recognized as having the ability to mediate between the world of humanity and the world of gods or spirits but who is not a recognized official.

Priest

One who is formally educated in religious duties and formally elected or appointed to a full time religious office.

Nativistic

Movements aim to restore what it's followers believe is a golden age of the past. Example Ghost Dance

Vitalistic

Movements to look toward the creation of a utopian future unlike the past. Example Christianity

Syncretism

Merging of two or more religious traditions either naturally or for some functional purpose. Example Santeria

Art

Any form of creative expression guided by aesthetic principles. Means of expressing cultural identities, values, or meanings. Examples: Music, dance,, theater

Art and Culture

In most societies, art is embedded in many aspects of culture and difficult to separate from other activities.

Functions of Art

Ritual communication with and control over nature and/or the supernatural. Communication of cultural themes or resistance to them, through symbols or stories.

Communication with nature

Cave paints and pictographs though to provide successful hints. Ritual art, dedicated to the spirits who protect life, lessens danger.

Colonialism

Possession and political domination of a foreign territory

Motivators for European Expansion

Push factors: Devised oceangoing vessels. Masters of cathedral and castle construction. Growing populations.

Motivators for European Expansion

Pull factors: Christianize the world (especially Catholics) Find wonders, real and imagined.

Joint Stock Company

A firm managed by a centralized board of directors but owned by shareholders.

Monoculture Plantation

Large scale production of a single crop for the global market.

Development Perspective 1

Increase in economic wealth along with improvements in the well being of inhabitants.

Development: Perspective 2

Colonialism is one of the causes of the great wealth and power disparities between some nations in the modern world and others.

Modernization Theory

Model of development which predicts that nonindustrial or recently industrialized societies will move in the social and technological direction of Western industrialized nations.

About this deck

By: Zach Walker
Created: 2010-12-05
Size: 57 flashcards
Views: 81

About StudyBlue

“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis