midterm exam vocabulary
Health Education 236 with Online at Texas A&M University
About this deck
By: Jesse Sims
Textbook:
Minority Populations and Health: An Introduction to Health Disparities in the U.S.
Created: 2009-10-07
Size: 47 flashcards
Views: 222
Textbook:
Minority Populations and Health: An Introduction to Health Disparities in the U.S.Created: 2009-10-07
Size: 47 flashcards
Views: 222
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race
the categorization of humans into populations or groups on the basis of various sets of heritable characteristics
ethnicity
quality of affiliation resulting from racial or cultural ties
office of management and budget directive 15
established standard for the collection of data on race and ethnicity. the goal of the disrective was to provide consistent and comparable data on raace and thnicity throughout the federal government fora n array of statistical and administrative programs
physiognomy
the art of judging human character from facial features
fertility
refers to the number of offsprings produced by a populations. expressed as a rate . fertility rate is the number of births per 1000 females of childbearing age.
crude mortality rate
number of deaths in a year per 1000 of the midyear population
age-specific mortality rate
number of deaths of persons of a given age during a year per 1,000 of the midyear population at that age
age-adjustment
is a procedure for adjusting various rates, such as birth and death rates, to minimize the effects of differing age distributions when comparing different populations
health disparities
refer to differences across racial and ethnic groups in health conditions, risks, and prognoses
health care disparities
refer to differences in access, utilization, quality of care, or outcomes from use of health care services.
epidemiology
the study of the distribution and determinants of mortality (death) and morbidity (illness) in human populations
survival curve
shows the proportion of a birth cohort projected to be alive as the population ages
infant mortality
is calculated as the total number o finfant deaths divided by the total number of live births times 1000. purpose of calculating is to use as a marker of the general health status of a population
neonatal mortality
refers to deaths within the first twenty-eight days of birth
postneonatal mortality
refers to deaths between twenty-nine days and one year after birth
low birth rate
below 2500 grams (5.5lbs)
very low birth rate
below 1500 grams (3.31lbs)
maternal mortality
death of a woman during or shortly after pregnancy. an important indicator of the health status of populations.
life expectancy
expectation of life. another important indicator of population health.
mortality crossover
refers to research taht shows that in old age the death rate for black americans is lower than the rate of white americans.
chronic condition
a condition that is not cured once acquired
acute condition
a type of illness or injury that ordinarily lasts less than three months
years of potential life lost
estimate of teh number of years of life lost due to premature deaths, assuming that all persons should love to be at least age seventy-five
activities of daily living
activities related to personal care and include bathing, dressing, getting into bed or chair, using the toilet, and eating
mental health
the successful performance of mental function, resulting in productive activites, fulfilling relationships with other people, and the ability to adapt to change and to cope with adversity
mental health problems
signs and symptoms of insufficient intensity or duration to meet the criteria for any mental disorder
mental illness
the term that refers collectively to all mental disorders, which are health conditions characterized by alteratiosn in thinking, mood, or behavoir associated with distresss and impaired functioning
mental disorder
a psychological disorder of thought or emotion
psychosocial functioning
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somatization
the expression of distress through physical symptoms
idioms of distress
different cultures express, experience, and cope with feelings of distress in different ways.
culture-bound syndromes
are clusters of symptoms more common in some cultures than in others
health care disparities
differences in quality of care that are not due to clinically appropriate treatment decisions or patient preferences
health status disparities
differences in the incidence or prevalence of disease, disability, or illness.
health disparity
differences in the incidence, prevalence, mortality and burden of disease on other adverse health conditions that exist among specific population groups
health care dissimilarity
refer to racial/ethnic differences that are not caused by underlying inequities.
predisposing factors
measure the patients inclination to use health services. this includes the patients attitude toward using care.
enabling factors
relate to structural or material resources that can be barriers or facilitators in seeking care
cultural competence
the demonstrated awareness and intefration of three population-specific issues: healt-realated values, disease incidence , and treatment efficacy.
psychosocial
factors that are mediated by individuals, such as health behavoir
risk exposure theory
states that a high prevalence of social or environmental health risks in predominantly minority communities leads to a higher prevvalence of disease and death.
resource deprivation theory
racial disparities in health status exist because minorities are more likey than whites to live in communities that are lacking in the necessary infrastructure to support a healthy lifestyle
weathering hypothesis
used to explain race differences in low birht weight and infant mortality. it states taht the health status of minorities begin to prematurely deteriorate in yound adulthood.
john henryism
states that individuals with lower social status are routinely exposed to psychological and socioeconomic stressors
hispanic epidemiological paradox
describes a pattern among mortality adn morbidity rates in which hispanics tend to have more favorable health outcomes that non-hispanics
slavery hypertension hypothesis
attempts to explain why african americans had higher blood pressure and a higher prevalence of hypertensions compared with whites. it argues that the higher prevalence of hypertension among african americans ia a result of selective survival.
About this deck
By: Jesse Sims
Textbook: Minority Populations and Health: An Introduction to Health Disparities in the U.S.
Created: 2009-10-07
Size: 47 flashcards
Views: 222
Textbook:
Minority Populations and Health: An Introduction to Health Disparities in the U.S.Created: 2009-10-07
Size: 47 flashcards
Views: 222
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis
Dennis