- StudyBlue
- Pennsylvania
- Abington Friends School
- Honors Chemistry
- Paar
- Midterm Review
Midterm Review
Honors Chemistry with Paar at Abington Friends School
About this deck
By: Lily Roth
Created: 2011-11-28
Size: 64 flashcards
Views: 21
Created: 2011-11-28
Size: 64 flashcards
Views: 21
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Equilibrium
Two opposing reactions occurring at the same rate quantities become constant
Triple Point
Where all phases are in equilibrium
Critical Point
maximum temperature at which a gas can be liquefied using pressure
Liquefaction
Using cooling and pressure to change a gas to a liquid
Ideal Gas Law
PV=nRT
Mole
The mole is chemistry’s unit of measure it is a sample of a convenient size to work with Mol
Mole Conversions
1mole= Avogadro’s number of partials 1 mole= 6.02 x 1023 particles
Ideal Law Units
v= Litters
r= atm/ g.K
p= atm
n= moles
t= degrees kelvin
Describe the kinetic energy in the Gaseous State
Highest Kenetic Energy
How do gasses differ from liquids (Think inter-particle connections)
- No inter-particle connections
- What differs them from liquids is the fact that they can move freely without any confines
- Liquids are still connected
Ideal Gas Model
A theory that predicts how gasses behave
Kinetic Molecular Theory
A series of assumptions that we make about gasses that allow us to predict behavior
What does the Kinetic Molecular Theory tell us about a gasses movement
Gas particles have constant, random straight line motion
- Moves as if it’s a pool ball, it moves in a straight line until it hits something until it is deflected in another direction, then it stays in that direction until it hits something else
What does the Kinetic Molecular Theory tell us about a gasses collisions?
- Gas particles are subject to perfectly elastic collisions
- Whenever a gas particles collides with something, they do not gain or lose energy
- Pressure exerted by a gas is due to collisions of gas particles with the container they occupy.
What does the Kinetic Molecular Theory tell us about a gasses attractions and inter-partical relations?
- There are no interparticle attractions
- Means that one water molecule is not attached to another, not that the elements within the molecules are separate
What does the Kinetic Molecular Theory tell us about a gasses tempature
They are measured in kelvin
What does the Kinetic Molecular Theory tell us about a gasses volume
- The volume a gas occupies is considered to be empty space.
- The actual volume of the gas particles is negligible compared to the volume the gas occupies.
Conversions for 1atm of pressure
760 torrs
760 mmhg
101.3 kPa
When are gasses ideal
All gases are ideal at high temperature and low pressures
What do gas laws do?
Allow us to predict the behavior of ideal gasses
Boyle's Law
- Has to do with the relationship between volume and pressure
- when you assert pressure on a gas, you decrease the volume
Charles' Law
- Relationship between volume and temperature (Direct relationship)
Gay-Lussac’s law
- The relationship between pressure and temperature
- The pressure of a fixed mass of gas in a constant volume is directly proportional to the absolute temperature.
Hygroscopic
Solids that can absorb moisture from the atmosphere
Deliquescent
Is the process of absorbing so much moisture a solution forms
Efflorescence
A solid that gives off moisture
Surface tension
- The particles at the surface are pulled together and down into the body of the liquid
It causes a meniscus to form
Resists penetration
Viscosity
- The resistance of a liquid to flow
- The strength of the bonds determines how well one layer moves over the one below it
High viscosity= “thick” liquid pours slowly
- Low viscosity= “thin’ liquids pour easily
Interface
The in-between of two liquids
Evaporation
Liquid vapor at any temp other than the boiling point
The KE in liquids is distributed among particles evenly
Evaporation only occurs at the surface. The most energetic particles do this
Cooling process
Boiling
Rapid evaporation within the body of the liquid
Lattice Points
The particles that make up the lattice
What are the three types of smallest particles that can make up a solid
Ionic Substances- Made up of ions
Molecular Substances- Made up of molecules
Metallic Substance
All positive ions
Covalent Solids
Solids made out of atoms
Unit Cell
Smallest unit of a crystal latice
True or false the geometry of a unit cell is equal to that of the entire structure
True
Allotropic Forms
When the same structures occur in nature in several different forms
What is the difference between Amorphic Solids and Crystalline solids?
Crystaline solids have a distinct melting point where as Amorphic solids don't
What do crystals form?
Crystals form solutions
What type of molecules do ions carry?
The Ions can carry water molecules into the structure
hydrates
The compounds carried by ions
Efflorescence
hydrates that give off air
Crystalline solid
partials are arranged in a regular pattern three dimensionally. It creates a specific geometric shapes
Amorphous Solid
No Regular Pattern of Arrangement
What is the most common type of solid
Crysalline
If I wanted to collect data about how deep a pond is would I use quantitative or qualitative data?
Quantitative
Density
How many particles are packed into a single space
In science ___________________________ data typically evolves all of the senses except for taste and touch.
Qualitative
When you are making an observation which would be correct?
a. Like Wax b. Is Wax
a. Like Wax
All _______________ digits are significant, zeros between _______________ digits and _______________ zeros (zeros at the end of the number) all others ____________significant
All non-zero digits are significant, zeros between significant digits and trailing zeros (zeros at the end of the number) all others are not significant
What are the 4 metric prefixes
100 grams -> 1 kilogram
1 gram-> 10 dg
1 gram-> 100 cg
1 gram-> 1000 mg
Energy due to position is called
potential energy
According to the law of conservation of energy
the energy in the universe is constant
True or false: a state function (delta function) depends only on starting and ending conditions
True
In an endothermic reaction, energy flows...
Into a system
When heat flows into the system, the sign of heat is
Positive
SI (metric units) for specific heat capacity are
J/g degrees Celsius
In an exothermic reaction -------- energy is converted to ----------- energy
Potential; Kenetic
True or False: Potential energy can not be measured
True
The state of matter for an object has neither a definite shape or volume
gas
A ___________ change involves a change in physical properties, but no change in the fundamental components that make up the substance
Physical
In a chemical change,
The products are different substances from the stating materials
Express 549000000 in scientific notation
5.49 x 108
About this deck
By: Lily Roth
Created: 2011-11-28
Size: 64 flashcards
Views: 21
Created: 2011-11-28
Size: 64 flashcards
Views: 21
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy
Kathy