Midterm
Linguistics 20 with Kennedy at University of California - Santa Barbara
About this deck
By: Evan Tambini
Created: 2011-10-23
Size: 44 flashcards
Views: 20
Created: 2011-10-23
Size: 44 flashcards
Views: 20
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phoneme
sounds that differentiate in meaning; smallest segmental unit of sound employed to form meaningful contrasts between utterances.
allophone
one of several surface realizations of a phoneme; one of a set of multiple possible spoken sounds used to pronounce a single phoneme.
complementary distribution
if sounds can't occur in equivalent environments; found in opposite environments
contrastive distribution
found in same environment, with different meaning; pat vs bat
minimal pair
set of distinct words that differ in one sound
free variation
occur in same environment; don't distinguish meaning; two (or more) sounds or forms appearing in the same environment without a change in meaning and without being considered incorrect by native speakers. wait, wait
aspiration
violent air throw; pat vs spit
natural class
2+ sounds that share at least one phonetic feature
phonological process
assimilation, nasalization, palatalization, spirantization, insertion, deletion, metathesis
assimilation
sounds take on phonetic process of adjacent sounds; sound of the ending of one word blends into the sound of the beginning of the following word.
nasalization
vowels can be pronounced with the velum down creating nasal airflow; air out of nose with sound out mouth
palatalization
alveolar consonants are pronounced as palatal or alveopalatal; sound produced with tongue near palate
spirantization
stops become fricatives
insertion
sound added
deletion
sound removed
metathesis
sounds put in opposite order
morphology
study of meaningful units in language and how they combine to form words
morpheme
minimal linguistic unit which has meaning or a grammatical function
allomorph
form of a morpheme; can vary in sound without changing meaning; colder vs writer
derivational
morphemes that change the part of speech of a word
inflectional
serve a purely grammatical function
word-formation
how new words are formed
affixation
adding an affix
reduplication
repetition of all or part of a word
compounding
combining 2 roots to form a new word or complex concept (wisdom tooth)
semantic shift
meaning change; "cool"
blending
combining 2 morphemes
clipping
taking a morpheme from two words
acronyms
list of letters that stand for something; UCSB
free/bound
can('t) occur as independent word
affix
add to word to alter meaning
prefix
add to beginning of word
infix
add to middle of word; fan-fucking-tastic
suffix
add to the end of a word
circumfix
add to either side of a word, ne suis pas
caveat
if a single phonetic form has 2 distinct meaning; it must be analyzed as 2 morphemes; colder vs writer
About this deck
By: Evan Tambini
Created: 2011-10-23
Size: 44 flashcards
Views: 20
Created: 2011-10-23
Size: 44 flashcards
Views: 20
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy
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