Minerals
Human Ecology 4010 with Chanmugam at Louisiana State University
About this deck
By: Olivia Lincoln
Created: 2010-10-26
Size: 27 flashcards
Views: 10
Created: 2010-10-26
Size: 27 flashcards
Views: 10
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major minerals
require >100mg/day
ex. Ca and P
ex. Ca and P
trace or microminerals
require <100mg/day
ex. Fe and Zn
ex. Fe and Zn
Bioavailability of minerals
- not all ingested minerals can be absorbed
- affected by presence of binders and dietary fiber
- minerals from animal products are better absorbed
- competition between minerals
- presence/absence of vitamins may make a difference
- affected by presence of binders and dietary fiber
- minerals from animal products are better absorbed
- competition between minerals
- presence/absence of vitamins may make a difference
Metabolic functions of minerals
- cofactors for enzymes
- physiological processes
- physiological processes
mineral cofactors
- catalase (Fe)
- Glutathione peroxidase (Se)
- Glutathione peroxidase (Se)
structural functions of minerals
- bones
- teeth
- teeth
food sources of minerals
- animals
- plants
- enrichment process adds iron
- fortification of foods
- plants
- enrichment process adds iron
- fortification of foods
Mineral deficiencies
- calcium
- iron
- zinc
- iron
- zinc
Major minerals required by humans
- calcium
- phosphorous
- magnesium
- sodium
- chloride
- potassium
- phosphorous
- magnesium
- sodium
- chloride
- potassium
minerals that function in bone
- calcium
- phosphorous
- phosphorous
minerals that function as electrolytes
- sodium
- potassium
- chloride
- phosphorous
- potassium
- chloride
- phosphorous
composition of bone
- protein matrix w/ deposited minerals
- 40% protein and water
- 60% minerals
- 40% protein and water
- 60% minerals
proteins in bone
- collagen
- osteonectin
- osteopontin
- BGP (osteocalcin) and MGP: vitamin K dependent, function in Ca binding
- osteonectin
- osteopontin
- BGP (osteocalcin) and MGP: vitamin K dependent, function in Ca binding
minerals in bone
- hydroxyapatite
- calcium phosphate
- calcium phosphate
types of bone
- cortical bone
- trabercular bone
- trabercular bone
cortical bone
- hard
- dense
- compact
- found in skull and long bones of arms and legs
- dense
- compact
- found in skull and long bones of arms and legs
trabercular bone
- more open structure
- strong but light
- found in spinal column and pelvis
- strong but light
- found in spinal column and pelvis
bone formation
bone is constantly being synthesized by cells called osteoblasts
bone resorption
bone is also constantly broken down by cells called osteoclasts
bone metabolism/turnover
- bone formation
- bone resorption
- more frequent in trabercular bone
- bone resorption
- more frequent in trabercular bone
bone growth is____than bone resorption
greater
bone growth ceases after...
the second decade
bone density can increase for ~ ____ years
15
peak bone mass
~35 years
after ~50 years
bone formation ____ than bone resorption
trabercular bone loss ____ than cortical bone
bone formation ____ than bone resorption
trabercular bone loss ____ than cortical bone
bone formation < bone resorption
trabercular bone loss > cortical bone
trabercular bone loss > cortical bone
In women, bone loss accelerated ___ - ____ years after menopause
3-7 years
How to build higher bone mass
- diet adequate in Ca and Vitamin D
- adequate vitamin K
- healthy body weight
- normal menstruation
- weight-bearing physical activity
- moderate intakes of protein, phosphorous, sodium, caffeine
- avoiding tobacco
- use certain medications with caution
- adequate vitamin K
- healthy body weight
- normal menstruation
- weight-bearing physical activity
- moderate intakes of protein, phosphorous, sodium, caffeine
- avoiding tobacco
- use certain medications with caution
About this deck
By: Olivia Lincoln
Created: 2010-10-26
Size: 27 flashcards
Views: 10
Created: 2010-10-26
Size: 27 flashcards
Views: 10
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj
Naj