Mitosis (Ch.10)
Biology 101 with Chiu/janes/martin at Rutgers University - New Brunswick/Piscataway
About this deck
By: Michael DeMarco
Textbook:
Biology (with CengageNOW, Personal Tutor, and InfoTrac 2-Semester Printed Access Card)
Created: 2009-09-20
Size: 31 flashcards
Views: 114
Textbook:
Biology (with CengageNOW, Personal Tutor, and InfoTrac 2-Semester Printed Access Card)Created: 2009-09-20
Size: 31 flashcards
Views: 114
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Cell Theory
Cell is the basic unit of all living things & cells can only come from other cells.
Cell Division
The reproduction of new cells
Genome
The cell's total genetic material; can contain hundreds or thousands of DNA
Chromosome
major carriers of genetic material in the nucleus
Gene
holds information necessary for protiens structure
Chromatin
Made up of all the DNA & histone pairs; its thin and threadlike and when the cells dividing they become chromosomes
Centromere
Located in the center, its Where the microtubules of the mitotic spindle attach.
Telomere
2 per chromosome and they are located at each end
Somatic Cell vs. Sex Cell
Somatic Cells have 2 copies of each chromosome giving them a diploid number.
Sex Cells have 1 copy of each chromosome giving them a haploid number.
Homologous chromosomes
A pair of chromosomes that have similar size, shape, and position of their centromeres.
ex.- humans have 46 chromosomes but 23 homologous pairs.
What kind of cells have a diploid number of chromosomes?
Somatic Cells (body cells)
What kind of cells have a haploid number of chromosomes?
Gametes (Sex Cells)
Generation Time (mitosis)
The time required for one complete revolution around the cell cycle.
Interphase
G1 + S phase + G2 = Interphase
G1
Longest Phase - Cell prepares for the S phase by synthesizing enzymes necessary for DNA synthesis & the protein that initiates cell division.
S phase
Each chromosome transforms and now consists of 2 identical chromatid.
G2
Shortest phase - where the protein that is need for the cell to divide is synthesized.
Mitosis
One part of the cell cycle that is a continuos process of 4 stages that lead to the formation of a new cell with a nucleus identical to the original cell.
Cytokensis
Final stage of the cell cycle where the cytoplasm divides into 2 daughter cells.
Prophase
Chromatin compact to prepare for cell division and they are now recognized as chromosomes.
Metaphase
- Duplicated chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate (cells mid-line).
- Microtubules attach to the cells at their kinetochore.
Anaphase
Sister chromatids separate and are now their own chromosome. --> they then move towards the poles
Telophase
Chromosomes are now at the poles and a nuclear envelope begins forming around them.
Cancer Cell
A cell that has escaped the cell cycle control and its growth is no longer regulated and it grows out of control.
Sister Chromatids
2 chromatids with identical DNA strands that are connected by a centromere.
Kinetechores
consists of 2 proteins that attach on either side of the centromere - this is where the microtubules attach to.
MTOC
A region in each pole of the mitotic spindle where the microtubules extend out of. Each MTOC has a pair of centrioles in the middle of it.
Metaphase Plate
The mid-plane of the cell where the chromosomes align.
Current Hypothesis for chromosome movement
Tubulin sub-units continuously disassemble off the microtubules making it shorter and shorter. As the microtubule gets shorter and shorter it pulls the chromosome closer and closer to the pole.
Cytokinesis in Animal Cells
- A cleavage furrow is formed in the cytoplasm and it contracts like a draw string bag, eventually separating the cytoplasm into 2 daughter cells.
Cytokinesis in Plant Cells
In the area of the metaphase plate vesicles from the golgi complex gather up and fuse together to form a Cell Plate. The vesicles become the plasma membrane for each daughter cell.
About this deck
By: Michael DeMarco
Textbook: Biology (with CengageNOW, Personal Tutor, and InfoTrac 2-Semester Printed Access Card)
Created: 2009-09-20
Size: 31 flashcards
Views: 114
Textbook:
Biology (with CengageNOW, Personal Tutor, and InfoTrac 2-Semester Printed Access Card)Created: 2009-09-20
Size: 31 flashcards
Views: 114
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis
Dennis