Module 24: Operant Conditioning
Psychology 1 with Avilla at University of California - Merced
About this deck
By: Serena Nguyen
Textbook:
Psychology Ninth Edition in Modules
Created: 2012-03-10
Size: 23 flashcards
Views: 7
Textbook:
Psychology Ninth Edition in ModulesCreated: 2012-03-10
Size: 23 flashcards
Views: 7
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associative learning
learning that certain events occur together. The events may be two stimuli (as in classical conditioning) or a response and its consequences (as in operant conditioning).
respondent behavior
behavior that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus
operant conditioning
a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher.
operant behavior
behavior that operates on the environment, producing consequences.
law of effect
Thorndike's principle that behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely, and that behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences become less likely.
operant chamber
in operant conditioning research, a chamber containing a bar or key that an animal can manipulate to obtain a food or water reinforcer; attached devices record the animal's rate of bar pressing or key pecking.
learning
a relatively permanent change in an organism's behavior due to experience.
shaping
an operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior.
reinforcer
in operant conditioning, any event that strengthens the behavior it follows.
positive reinforcement
increasing behaviors by presenting positive stimuli, such as food. A positive reinforcer is any stimulus that, when presented after a response, strengthens the response.
negative reinforcement
increasing behavior by stopping or reducing negative stimuli. a negative reinforcer is any stimulus that, when removed after a response, strengthens the response. Negative reinforcement is not punishment
primary reinforcer
an innately reinforcing stimulus, such as one that satisfies a biological need.
conditioned reinforcer
a stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through its association with a primary reinforcer;also known as secondary reinforcer.
continuous reinforcement
the reinforcement of a desired response every time it occurs
partial (intermittent) reinforcement
reinforcing a response only part of the time; results in slower acquisition of a response but much greater resistance to extinction than does continuous reinforcement
fixed-ratio schedule
in operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified number of responses.
fixed-interval schedule
in operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified time has elapsed.
variable-interval schedule
in operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals.
punishment
an event that decreases the behavior that it follows.
cognitive map
a mental representation of the layout of one's environment. For example, after exploring a maze, rats act as if they have learned a cognitive map of it.
latent learning
learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.
intrinsic motivation
a desire to perform a behavior effectively for its own sake
extrinsic motivation
a desire to perform a behavior to receive promised rewards or avoid threatened punishment
About this deck
By: Serena Nguyen
Textbook: Psychology Ninth Edition in Modules
Created: 2012-03-10
Size: 23 flashcards
Views: 7
Textbook:
Psychology Ninth Edition in ModulesCreated: 2012-03-10
Size: 23 flashcards
Views: 7
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis
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