Neurochemistry

Anatomy & Physiology 19 with Beneyto-santonja at University of Vermont

About this deck

By: Rachel Lagasse
Textbook:

Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology (9th Edition)
Created: 2011-10-31
Size: 28 flashcards
Views: 2

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Indirect gating

G protein-coupled receptor' most likely receptor

Two Proteins (neuropeptides) as major neurotransmitters in CNS

Substance P

Opioid peptide (made in the cell body)

Gaseous Neurotransmitter

Nitric Oxide

Acetylcholine

synthesized from the Krebs cycle in the mitrocondia and is degraded in the synaptic cleft

(Only neurotransmitter to do so by AChE)

Acetylcholine as the neuromuscular neurotransmitter

Motor neurons of spinal cord and of cranial nerves(head movements)

When ACh release decreases and receptors are blocked

Muscular weakness

Myasthenia gravis-disease

Autoimmune destruction of AChR which leads to muscle weakness and treated with AChE inhibitors to keep ACh in synapse longer

Acetylcholine problems

AChR blockers cause paralysis that can be irreversible.

can be found in both plants and animals that paralyses prey

Alzheimer's Disease

Neurons die

Treatment is AChE inhibitors

Can form in athletes with multiple concussions

Memory loss

Alzheimer's Disease-Intracellular

Neurofibrillary tangle

Alzheimer's Disease-Extracellular

β-amyloid plaques

Glutamate

Excitatory Amino Acids

Up-take by glia in presynaptic neuron

Increased release induces epilepsy

Excitatory

Increase likely hood of releasing an action potential

Amyotrophic Lateral Scierosis (ALS) and Lou Gehrig's disease

motor neurons die thanks to glutamate and neurotoxity

People frozen within their body and there is no definite known cause

GABA

Inhibitory neurotransmitter

made from Glutamate

up-take by glia or in presynaptic neuron

Inhibitory Neurotransmitter

decrease probability of an action potential

GABA uses and stimulus

Valium/Bariturates/alcohol

Adds to GAMA inhibition

Used for sedation, anesthesia, anti-anxiety

Glycine

Inhibitory neurotransmitter

Strychnine (rat poison) blocks glycine

Blocked glycine induces seizures

Mojelatory

the dimmer switch between excitatory and inhibitory

Catecholamines

Tyrosine, L-Dopa, Dopamine, Norepinephrine, Epinephrine

Dopamine

Main source is Substantia nigra

death of those cells leads to Parkinson's disease

Increased dopamine is involved in Schizophrenia

Levels can be switched

Norepinephrine/Noradrenaline

Norepinephrine is the main source in the Locus Coeruleus

Involved in depression (depresses NE)

& mania (increased NE)

Basically Bi-polar disease

Epinephrine/Adrenaline

Not very well characterized in CNS

In PNS, adrenaline plays a role in autonomic/sympathetic NS

Serotonin (5-HT)

Brainstem raphe nuclei is the main source

Involved in: Pain inhibition in spinal cord, starting sleep, depression

Treating depression

Altered neurotransmitters or hormones

Peptide Neurotransmitters-Substance P

Conveys pain from PNS

Peptide Neurotransmitters

Endorphins (like runner's high and caffeine)

Endocannabinoids

THC

About this deck

By: Rachel Lagasse
Textbook:

Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology (9th Edition)
Created: 2011-10-31
Size: 28 flashcards
Views: 2

About StudyBlue

“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis