Neurohistology I and II
Anatomy & Physiology 19 with Black at University of Vermont
About this deck
By: Sophie Mench
Textbook:
Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology with IP 10-System suite (8th Edition)
Created: 2010-10-08
Size: 51 flashcards
Views: 13
Textbook:
Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology with IP 10-System suite (8th Edition)Created: 2010-10-08
Size: 51 flashcards
Views: 13
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Central Nervous System
Brain and spinal cord
Peripheral NS
Outside the brain and spinal cord
Afferent Direction
Toward the CNS
Efferent Direction
From the CNS to the periphery (another part of the body)
Neuron
Basic nerve cell
Types of Neurons in PNS
- Anaxonic
- Unipolar
- Bipolar
- Multipolar
Which Neuron is most prevalent?
Multipolar
Sensory Neurons
- Deliver information from receptors
- Respond to specific things like pressure and pain
Motor Neurons
- Efferent signaling away from CNS
- Pull away from pain
Interneurons
- Located only within CNS
- Distribute sensory and motor output
Parts of a Neuron
- Cell body
- Dendrites
- Axon
- Axon collaterals
Ganglia
- Clusters of nerve cells
Organelles found in Neuron
- rER (nissl)
- Neurofilaments
- Neurotubules
- Mitochondria
White Matter Contents
- Axons traveling up and down cord
Gray Matter Contents
- Large nerve cell bodies
Synapse Definition
- Site of communication between neurons
Presynaptic site location
- Cell body end
Postsynaptic end location
- Axon collaterals end
Role of neurotransmitters
- Takes signal and passes to target cell through gap
Synaptic vesicle contents
- Chemical to be released to the target cell
Presynaptic membrane
- Where neurotransmitters are released
Synaptic Cleft
- Barrier between presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes
Postsynaptic membrane
- Receptors for neurotransmitters
Neuromuscular junction
- Synapse between neuron and muscle cell
- Elaborate folds in postsynaptic membrane where signal comes in
Axodendritic Synapse
- Synapse between axon and dendrites of another cell
Axoaxonic Synapse
- Axon of one cell comes in contact with the axon of another cell
Axosomatic Synapse
- Axon comes in contact with cell body of another cell
Axoplasmic Transport
- Material getting from cell body to synapse and from synapse to cell body
Anterograde
- Cell body to synapse
Retrograde
- Synapse to cell body
Rabies Virus
- Enters from terminal ends and travels PNS to CNS
Neuroglia Functions
- Cellular connective tissue
- Separate and protect Neurons
- Support
- Phagocytotic
Four types of neuroglia in CNS
- Ependymal cells
- Astrocytes
- Oligodendrocytes
- Microglia
Ependymal Cells Location
- Line ventricles
Ependymal Cells Function
- Process and communicates with other cells around
- Monitor fluids in spinal cord
Astrocytes Function
- Maintain blood brain barrier
Oligodendrocytes Function
- Myelinate axons
Microglial Function
- Phagocytosis
- Break down anything
- Can navigate around lots of cells
Neuroglia Types in PNS
- Satellite cells
- Schwann cells
Satellite Cells Function
- Surround neuronal cell bodies in ganglia
- Regulates oxygen and carbon dioxide neurotransmitter levels
Schwann Cells Function
- Ensheath axons in PNS
- Repair processes after injury
Satellite Cells Location
- Completely surround cell body like a baseball
Schwann Cells and Large Cells
- Myelinated
Schwann Cells and Small Cells
- Unmyelinated- ensheathed
Node of Ranvier
- Space between two nodes
Internode
- Large area of axon wrapped in myelin
Purpose of Wrapping Axon with Schwann cells
- As to not lose signal
Epineurium
- Surrounding entire fiber bundle
Perineurium
- Material outside each fascicle of axons
Endoneurium
- Surrounding every axon
Fascicle
- Bundle of axons
- Number of axons depends on size of the nerve
About this deck
By: Sophie Mench
Textbook: Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology with IP 10-System suite (8th Edition)
Created: 2010-10-08
Size: 51 flashcards
Views: 13
Textbook:
Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology with IP 10-System suite (8th Edition)Created: 2010-10-08
Size: 51 flashcards
Views: 13
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj
Naj