Introduction and Terminology (Introduction Chapter) ES 332 ? APPLIED ANATOMY Kari Kebach, ATC, LAT, MS INTRODUCTION ? What is human anatomy? ? The study of the structures of the human body ? What is applied (functional) anatomy? ? The study of selected aspects/ structures of the human body ? muscular and skeletal systems ? What is kinesiology ? Muscular and skeletal systems in movement ? Qualitative mechanical analyses www.advocacy2100.com INTRODUCTION ? Why study anatomy? ? Structure ? function ? Injury ? Rehabilitation ? Performance ? Prerequisite ? ES 325 ? Athletic training ? ES 422 ? Biomechanics http://www.ewh.ieee.org TERMINOLOGY ? International vocabulary ? Classical origins ? Greek & Latin ? Descriptive ? Biceps brachii [brachium = (upper) arm] ? Glenohumeral ligament [glenoid fossa & head of humerus] TERMINOLOGY ? Anatomical position ? Upright standing posture ? Feet shoulder width ? Arms hanging relaxed at sides ? Palms facing forward ? Body parts/ segments ? Head, neck, trunk (torso) ? Arm, forearm, hand ? Thigh, leg, foot PLANES OF MOVEMENT ? Sagittal plane ? Side ? Left & right halves ? Frontal plane ? Coronal ? Front & back halves ? Transverse plane ? Horizontal ? Top & bottom halves Long axis ML axis AP axis AXES OF ROTATION ? Anteroposterior/ AP axis ? Sagittal ? Parallel to sagittal plane ? Perpendicular to frontal plane ? Mediolateral/ ML axis ? Frontal ? Parallel to frontal plane ? Perpendicular to sagittal plane ? Longitudinal/ long axis ? Vertical ? Parallel to sagittal and frontal planes ? Perpendicular to transverse plane TERMINOLOGY Introducing terms describing: ? Direction/ position ? Movement ? Articulating surfaces ? Non-articulating surfaces ? Others (Glossary) http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it DIRECTION ? Anterior/ posterior ? ACL = anterior cruciate ligament ? Tibialis anterior ? Inferior/ superior ? ASIS = anterior superior iliac spine ? AIIS = anterior inferior iliac spine DIRECTION ? Medial/ lateral ? Malleoli ? Medial tibial condyle ? Distal/ proximal ? Distal end of femur ? Supine/ prone ? Face up/ down DIRECTION ? Ipsilateral/ contralateral ? Same/ opposite side ? Contralateral limb ? Internal/ external ? Internal/ external obliques DIRECTION ? Deep/ superficial ? Superficial muscle = gastrocnemius ? Deep muscle = soleus MOVEMENT ? Flexion/ extension ? About ML axis ? Flexion = bending, a decrease in the joint angle ? Extension = straightening, an increase in the joint angle ? Lateral flexion ? left/ right bending of trunk Anatomical position = reference Flexion Extension KNEE JOINT MOVEMENT ? Abduction/ adduction ? About AP axis ? Abduction = away from the midline of the body ? Adduction = towards the midline of the body ? E.g. shoulder, wrist, hip ABD MOVEMENT ? Internal/ external rotation ? About vertical axis ? Internal = toward midline ? External = away from midline ? A.K.A. medial/ lateral rotation ? Left/ right rotation ? Head & trunk SUMMARY ? Anatomical terminology is key to communicating exactly how the body is moving ? Today?s most important topics were: ? Planes of movement ? Axes of rotation - These are fundamental and we will refer to them over and over ? Next class: finish terminology, intro to skeletal tissue Leisure & Food Management. No Slide Title
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