9/20/2009 1 Section 8.3 Trigonometric Substitution When To Use? 2 9 x dx? ? 2 1 25 dx x ? ? 1 32 0 4x xdx? ? The method of trig substitution recommends a substitution that rationalizes the integrand in cases like these. Example 2 9 x dx? ? 3sin 3cos Substitute x dx d ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 2 99sin 3cos d? ??? ? 2 9cos d? ? ? ?? 9 1cos2 2 d? ?? ? ???? 2 91 sin 3cos d? ??? ? ?? 2 9cos 3cos d? ?? ? ? ?? ?3cos 3cos d? ?? ? 91 sin2 22 C?? ?? ?? ?? ?? Now resubstitute. Example ? continued 91 sin2 22 C?? ?? ? ? ?? ?? We know: 3sin sin 3 x x ? ? ? ? ? x 3 2 9 x? 1 sin 3 x ? ? ? What is: ?sin2? sin 3 x ? ? 12 91 9 sin 2 sin 9 22 2 39 xx CxC?? ???? ? ??? ??? ??? ? ??? ? 2 2 9 cos 3 2 sin 2 2sin cos 9 9 x x x ? ??? ? ? ??? Generalize When the factor, appears in the integrand, use the substitution, . (Equivalently, .) 22 ax? sinxa ?? 1 sin , 22 x a ? ? ?? ? ???? So, sin cos xa dx a d ? ? ? ? ? ?? 22 222 22 22 sin 1sin cos cos cos ax aa a a a a ? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ?? ? ? ? Rationalizing Substitutions Factor Rationalizing Substitution Result 22 ax? sin cos xa dx a d ? ? ? ? ? 1 sin , 22 x a ? ? ?? ? ? ??? 22 cosaxa??? 22 ax? 2 tan sec x a dx a d ? ? ? ? ? 1 tan , 22 x a ? ? ?? ? ? ??? 22 secaxa??? 22 x a? sec tan sec xa dx a d ? ? ?? ? ? 1 3 sec , 0 22 x or a ? ? ??? ? ????? 22 tanxa a??? 9/20/2009 2 Example 2 1 25 dx x ? ? 5sec 5tan sec x dx d ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? 1 5tan sec d??? ? ? x 5 2 25x ? 2 25sec 25? ? 5tan sec 5tan d ? ? ? ? ? sec d? ? ? sec 5 x ? ? 2 25 tan 5 x ? ? ? 2 2 2 25 ln sec tan ln 55 ln 25 ln5 ln 25 xx CC x xC xx C ?? ? ???? ? ????? ???? ln sec tan C???? Example 1 32 0 4x xdx? ? 2 2tan 2sec x dx d ? ? ? ? ? First find antiderivative: 33 32tan sec d? ?? ? sec sec tan u du d ? ? ?? ? ? , 32 4x xdx? ? ? ? 32 2 8tan 4tan 4 2sec d? ???? ? ? ?? ? 32 8tan 2sec 2sec d? ??? ? 22 32tan sec tan sec d? ???? ? ?? 22 32 sec 1 sec tan sec d? ????? ? ?? 22 32 1uudu? ? ?? 42 32 uudu? ? Example ? continued tan sec 2 x xu? ??? 00 1 _________________ ??? ? 53 53 55 11 32 252553 ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? 411 55 55 32 335 ?? ? ? ?? ? ? ?? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? 32 4 2 432x xdx uudu?? ? ?? 15 1 22 ?? 5 1 32 4 22 01 43x xdx uudu?? ? ?? 5 532 1 32 53 uu?? ?? ?? ?? 64 5 5 15 3 ?? 64 25 5 15 ? ? 1 32 0 64 25 5 4 15 xx dx ? ?? ? Try 1 220 4 dx xx? ? Try 2 19x dx? ? Stacie Microsoft PowerPoint - Section8.3-Trigonometric Substitution
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like
online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free.
Join us.
“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis