November 25.docx

Psychology November 25 Psychological Disorders Take home messages Psychopathology must be understood within a cultural context Disorders, not people, receive a diagnostic label Disorders exist on a continuum with normal functioning Dissociative Disorders Disruptions in consciousness and identity Repeated exposure to trauma Most severe form Dissociative identity disorder (multiple personality disorder) Severity of disability DSM Axis 2 Chronic, severe disturbances Substantially inhibit capacity to maintain relationships and to work Personality Disorders Three trait clusters of personality disorders Odd/eccentric Paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal Anxious Obsessive-compulsive, dependent Dramatic/affectively labile Antisocial, narcissistic, borderline PDs difficult to treat Persons with PD often od not recognize the problems they create Psychoses Gross disturbances involving loss of reality contact Severely inhibit capacity to maintain relationships and to work Schizophrenia Background Bleuler (1911): ?Split mind? Onset before age 45 Incidence: About 1% of the population Positive symptoms Cognition Delusions Hallucinations Attention Behavior Bizarre behavior, speech (e.g., word salad) Negative symptoms Motivation Lack of drive Emotion Labile Blunted or flat Inappropriate Behavior Social isolation Qualifications on symptoms Some normal behavior Some symptoms may be a response to others treatment of the person Not all symptoms present in one person Types of schizophrenia Catatonic Motoric abnormalities (e.g., immobility or excessive) Disorganized Affect, behavior abnormalities(e.g., disorganized speech) Paranoid Delusions and/or hallucinations Etiology of schizophrenia Genetics Evidence Other biological factors High dopamine Global brain abnormalities Environment Diathesis-stress model Genetic predisposition followed by severe stressor ?Expressed emotion? Hostile interchanges, emotional over involvement by family members Critiquing enviro factors What is cause, what is effect?