Nutrition Outline- Chapter 8

Chapter 8 Alcohol/Ethanol :requires no digestion; absorbed by diffusion :most efficiently absorbed of all energy sources :fermentation-breakdown of carbohydrates w/o oxygen, alcohol is byproduct :glycolysis glucose( pyruvate ( CO2 NADH + H+ NAD+ ( Acetaldehyde :1 glucose molecule fermented by yeast to 2 ethanol, 2 CO2, 2 H2O + ATP :blood concentration increases rapidly w/alcohol :absorption depends on emptying rate & stimulation of secretions :damages proteins in membranes :ability to produce enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase (enzyme) is key to metabolism :women develop cirrhosis more than men :cannot be stored in body & has priority in metabolism :liver has 2 pathways to metabolize alcohol alcohol dehydrogenase -alcohol at low-moderate quantity -found in stomach & liver :metabolized more like fatty acid than a carbohydrate and is considered fat in metabolic terms microsomal ethanol oxidizing system (MEOS) -utilizes enzyme catalase -activated by liver -uses oxygen, NADP+ ( water & acetaldehyde -rate of metabolism increases -wastes energy by inducing pathway :catalse + enzymes= minor pathway for metabolizing liver -located in peroxisomes, a cell organelle :ischemic stroke decreased in light-moderate drinkers :cirrhosis-fatty infiltration in liver; deprive liver of oxygen & nutrients -acetaldehyde concentration increases -free radicals produced from alcohol metabolism :alcohol dependence & alcohol abuse -genetic influences -gender -ethnicity & alcohol abuse :dopamine-neurotransmitter in CNS that leads to feelings of euphoria (released by alcohol) :serotonin-neurotransmitter synthesized from amino acid trytophan that affects mood, behavior, appetite, induces sleep