Nutrtion Final

Academic Skills 235 with Wheeler at University of New Hampshire

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By: Sheri Martin
Created: 2010-12-13
Size: 71 flashcards
Views: 25

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What are the 6 Basic Nutrients?

Water, Vitamins, Minerals, Carbohydrates, Lipids (Fats), and Proteins

What is the most important Nutrient?

Water!

What are the 8 categories of Feedstuffs as recognized by the National Research Council?

Silages, Dry Forages and Roughages, Energy feeds, Protein supplements, Vitamins, Minerals, Non-Nutritive feed additives, Green forages and pastures

What are 2 important functions of water as a nutrient?

-Temperature regulation

-Lubrication (of joints)

-transports other nutrients

The direct relationship between Dry Matter (DM) and Water means that an increase in Dry Matter requires a dietary increase/decrease in water. (Circle One)

Increase

Name 2 factors of importance in making sure any animal gets enough water.

-An animal may not drink enough if water is not clean

-If the animal can't find where teh water is located it won't drink enough

2 functions of carbohydrates would be to provide heat and energy. True/False

True

Most Feedstuffs that are of animal origin are high in carbohydrate content. True/False

False

The nutrient that is most efficient at providing energy would be?

Lipids (Fats)

Recent studies have resulted in changes in Equine diets that are much higher in what nutrient as an energy source?

Fats

Name 3 physiological conditions that Energy is needed for.

Maintenence

Performance

Reproduction

An important function of fats other then providing energy would be :

Transporting fat soluable vitamins

The three non-energy nutrients are...

vitamins
minerals
water

Monogastrics typicaly use animal products for fat sources while ruminants typically use oil seeds as dietary sources of fat (True or false)

True

The building blocks of proteins are called:

Amino acids

Proteins are what make up the basic structural unit of the animals body True or false

True

True or false monogastrics and ruminants both have an amino acid requirement

True

True or false minerals are ORGANIC chemical elements

False

Vitamins are compounds used by the body to regulate metabolism True or false

True

Describe what the first limiting amino acid refers to

The amino acid that is the furthest away from meeting the requirement

Considering reading ingredients on feed labels what two applications might a feed with higher protein levels have

1. Growth

2. Healing

Considering reading ingredients on feed labels how do you know which ingredients are in greater proportion in companion animal feeds

The closer they are to the beginning of the ingredient list the higher the proportion of the ingredient in the feed.

Colostrum is important because it is important in neonate nutrition becasue it is the foundation of a good nutrtional start... name three significant components of colostrum

Protein
minerals
antibodies

name two places wehre mechanical digestion takes place

The mouth and the esophagus

In addition to mechanical digestion what are the other two types of digestion

Chemical and enzyme

Name the five parts of a monogastric digestive system

Mouth
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine

What are the three sections of the small intestine

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

What are the ten steps of digestion

Prehension
mastication
deglutition
regurgitation - remastication
digestion
absorption
anabolism
catabolism
metabolism
excretion

Briefly define anabolism

simple substances converted to complex substances

briefly define catabolism

complex substances converted to simple substances

material leaving the stomach is known as

chyme

True or false the horse has a very small stomach relative to its body size

True

Calcium and phosphourus ratios in equine diets are an important consideration ..... True or false

True

True or false: the horses stomach only produces acid while eating

false

True or false: the horse has one stomach and the cow has four

False

Which of the ruminants stomach compartments is most like a monogastic stomach

abomasum

name the other three quadrants of a ruminants stomach

Rumen, reticulum, omasum

what is the difference between a stomach of a calf and a mature bovine

calves stomachs are much like a monogastrics stomach

what is the anatomical difference between the mouth of a monogastric and that of a ruminant

Ruminants lack front teeth on top and they grind their food while monogastrics do not lack teeth and chew up their food

while fermentation in the ruminant largley takes place int he first quadrant of their stomach where does the bulk of the ferfmentation take place in a healthy equine

Cecum

can monogastrics or ruminants handle a greater amount of fat in their diets

monogastrics

what food is considered to be the perfect protein

An egg

The natural source of carbohydrates would be plant or animal material?

Plant

fat digestion in both ruminants and monogastrics involves the changing of fats in the stomach of both by microbes true or false

False

when food sources of fats are let to set out and turn rancid the fatty acids are prebroken down making digestion easier

False

Meeting needs for fat requirements means meeting energy needs True or false

True

Vitamin A,D, and E are all expressed in units of potency which means

they are measured in sources by the sources ability to compensate for defiencies

if you are looking at a label on a pet food bag and see "rice" and "chicken" what nutrient is that nutrient considered to profide for the animal?

Rice = Carbohydrates

Chicken= protein

Monogastrics rely less on lant material for an energy source for what primary reason

They dont have the ability of fermentation and cant get the nutrients from the plants

If processed hay is not available what options are used for Dairy animals. For horses?

Dairy aniaml- alfalfa or hay cubes

Horses- Hay pellets or alfalfa cubes

options for hay replacement are more restricted for cows because of their less complex digestive systems True or false

False

relative to bovine feeding rations TMR stands for

Total Mixed Ration

If you are the manager of an equine facility and coosing between one of the following which would be the better choie nutritionally for horses Forages or Roughages

Forages

what well known disease found in cattle has caused restrictions in feed ingredients in bovine diets

Mad Cow Disease (BSE)

The three reasons for canulating cows include

research
teaching
medicinal

the three types of organisms found in the rumen of cattle include

bacteria
protozoa
fungi

what condition found in dogs has resulted in the marketing of feeds using various protein sources such as lamb diets

Food allergies

The group responsible for determining definitions for terms used in feed labeling is the AAFCO True or false

True

Ionophores such as rumensin are feed additives common in dairy feeds that are beneficial to horses as well. True or False

False

magnets are fed to cattle to prevent a disease called hardware disease true or false

true

True or false: the best way to get hay with the greatest nutrient content is to cut it when you know you will have somwhate h umid conditions allowing it to dry slower over several days

False

from the time hay is cut in the feild until you get it into the barn in the brom of baled hay what is the averagge persenage of lost volume

20-30 %

25% average

If you know taht your baled hay has a moistrue content of aboe what precent would you be concerned about spontaneous combustion if you were to store it in the loft?

20%

what is the equation for determining moistre content

wet matter - dry matter

________________________ X 100

Wet matter

in additon to concerns about fire in stored hay what other concern do farm managers need to consider relative to moisture content in bailed hay

Mold formation and nutrient content

referenceing the equation for moisture content how does one then calculate dry matter content

100- moisture content= dry matter content

is the responsibility for enforcement of regulations lie at the federal or state level?

State

The term GMO stands for

Genetically modified organism

describe what a salvage feed is

expired feeds that are no longer good for human consumptions are saved and fed to animals

the teo important regulatory organizations that provide dietary requirement information are :

AAFCO and FDA

breifly descirbe one method dairy farmers can use to pursue environmental concerns and help their own financial bottom line as well such as a way to address concerns that involve methat productioon by cows

They can collect the methane and convert it to energy to power their homes and barns

About this deck

By: Sheri Martin
Created: 2010-12-13
Size: 71 flashcards
Views: 25

About StudyBlue

“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy