Organelles and Cells

Lecture on Cells and Organelles Major Organelles: Nucleus-contains linear chromosomes Mitochondria-energy production Chloroplasts-photosynthesis ER-synthesis and modification of proteins/lipids Golgi apparatus-synthesis of polysaccharides; modify proteins Lysosomes/Vacuoles-Storage; Degradation *Plants have vacuoles, cell walls, and chloroplasts -lack: lysosome centrioles flagella The following organelles contain DNA: Mitochondria Chloroplasts Nucleus Nucleus: two membranes form nuclear envelope contains chromosomes Mitochondria: energy production from sugar two membranes (inner folded) contains DNA and ribosome?s Chloroplasts: (in plants and some protists) production of energy from sunlight (photosynthesis) contain DNA and ribosome?s ER: network of membrane enclosed tubes, discs connected to outer membrane of nucleus rough ER has ribosome?s contains transmembrane proteins Smooth ER Lipid synthesis (sterols, steroid hormones) Golgi Apparatus: stack of flattened membrane bound discs modify proteins Endosymbiosis: Theory of organelle formation Secretory Pathway: ER to Golgi body to lysosome