organic MCAT RBR

Organic Chemistry 302 with Eli at University of New Mexico

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By: Rebecca Richardson
Created: 2011-02-21
Size: 56 flashcards
Views: 40

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functional group priority

COOH > OH > triple > double bonds

Vicinal-

diol with OHs on 2 adjacent C

Geminal-

diol with OHs on same C

For a molecule with n chiral centers

2n possible stereoisomers are possible

Addition of HX to alkene

Follows Markovnikov?s rule

Additon of X2

anti addition

Free radical additions

anti mark

permanganate oxidation

syn addition

reduction: Lindlar?s catalyst (palladium on BaSO4)-

creates cis isomer

Free radical addition to alkyne-

anti mark addition- trans isomer

Hydroboration-

syn addition

activators

direct ortho/para; O, NH2, OH, OR, R

deactivators

direct meta; NO2, NR3+, CHO, COOH, SOCl, CN

halogens- deactivators

direct ortho/para

functional group priority

COOH > OH > triple > double bonds

Addition of HX to alkene

Follows Markovnikov?s rule

Additon of X2

anti addition

Free radical addition to alkyne-

anti mark addition- trans isomer

activators

direct ortho/para; O, NH2, OH, OR, R

deactivators

direct meta; NO2, NR3+, CHO, COOH, SOCl, CN

halogens- deactivators

direct ortho/para

electron withdrawing groups (Cl or NO2) make COOH ____acidic

more stable conj base à more acidic

electron donating groups (NH2 or OCH3) make COOH ___acidic

destabilize negative charge making compound less acidic

Electron donating groups (OH, CH3, NH2)

increase basicity

Electron withdrawing groups (NO2)

reduce basicity

Extraction

depends on solubility and polarity; organic phase on top; aqueous phase on bottom

filtration

isolates solid from liquid

gravity filtration

when product is in liquid form

vacuum filtration

when product is a solid

recrysatlization

as solution cools, solid product crystalizes while impurites stay in solution

recrysatlization conditions

product must only be soluble at high temps, must have low freezing point

sublimation

solid product turns to gas while impurities do not; vapor can then condense on a cold finger

sublimatino conditions

low pressure

distilation

uses differences in boiling points to vaporize mixed liquids at different temperatures

simplle distillation

separate liquids that boil 25 degrees apart

vacuume distilation

lowers pressure so that liquids that boil over 150 degrees will boil sooner

fractional distillation

separate liquids that have similar boiling points (less than 25 degrees)

chromotography

uses physical and chemical properties to separate compounds using polarity

Thin layer chromatography

based on polarity; adsorbant is polar and hydrophilic so nonpolar migrates more

column chromatography

ion exchange, size exclusion, affinity chrom, flash column

electrophoresis

anode is +; cathode is neg

simplest aldose

Glyceraldehyde

D carbohydrate orientation

on the right of a lewis structure and points up in ring formation

L carbohydrate orientation

OH on the left of a lewis structure and points down in a ring

furanose

five membered rings

pyranose

six membered rings

ring structure to chair

OH pointing up in ring will also point up in chair (no relation to axial vs equatorial)

Tollens?s reagent

a positive test is the reduction of Ag to form metallic silver

Benedict?s reagent

red precipitate of Cu2O indicates presence of a reducing sugar

Hemiacetal monosaccharides

Hemiacetal monosaccharides + ROH + acid --> acetal

Isoelectric point

pH at which the aa exists as a zwitterions

Tertiary structure- 3D shape

hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions between R groups

Denaturation of proteins

proteins lose their 3D shape and revert to a random coil state

About this deck

By: Rebecca Richardson
Created: 2011-02-21
Size: 56 flashcards
Views: 40

About StudyBlue

“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis