part 1
Art 106 with Tera at California State University - Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo
About this deck
By: Sierra Norman
Created: 2011-02-04
Size: 116 flashcards
Views: 50
Created: 2011-02-04
Size: 116 flashcards
Views: 50
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line
one of the simplest and most versatile elements of design. may be defined as:
- a point in motion
- a series of adjacent points
- a connection between points
- an implied connection between points
orientation
the line's horizontal, vertical, or diagonal position. Diagonal lines and curving lines are generally more dynamic. Horizontal lines are typically the most stable or static. Vertical lines imply potential change and can be static or dynamic depending on the context in which they are placed
direction
refers to the implied movement of a line. line weight is often used to accentuate this. a swelling line suggests forward or outward movement, while a shrinking line suggests inward movement
continuity
enhances direction. tends to generate a stronger sense of direction than a broken or jagged line.
actual lines
can describe complex forms simply and eloquently.
contour line
a line that describes the edge of a form and suggests three-dimensional volume
gesture drawing
a vigorous drawing that captures the action, structure, and overall orientation of an object, rather than describing specific details. Often used as a basis for figure drawing
volume summary
a drawing that communicates visual information reductively, using basic volumes, such as sphere, cubes, and cylinders, to indicate the major components of a figure or object
calligraphic line
derived from the Greek words for beautiful and writing, a flowing, and expressive line that is as personal handwriting. generally vary in thickness and velocity
can add even more energy to a drawing or design
organizational lines
often used to create the loose linear "skeleton" on which a composition can be built.
implied lines
suggest connections; the viewer must become actively involved in compositions that are constructed using this type of line
closure
the mind's inclination to connect fragmentary information to produce a completed form.
hatching
produces a range of grays through straight parallel lines.
cross-hatching
a technique used in drawing and printmaking and shade an object using two or more networks of parallel lines. darker values are created as the number of networks increases
cross-contours
multiple lines running over the surface of an object horizontally and / or vertically that describe its surface configuration topographically as in mapping. Can also be used in drawing to suggest three-dimensional form through tonal variation
shape
a flat, enclosed area that can be created by:
- enclosing an area within a continuous line
- surrounding an area by other shapes
- filling an area with solid color or texture
- filling an area with broken color or texture
volume
1. an empty three-dimensional form
2. in two-dimensional design, a three-dimensional form that has been represented using the illusion of space
3. in time design, the loudness of a sound
gradation
any gradual transition from one color to another or from one shape or volume to another. in drawing, shading created through the gradation of grays can be used to suggest three-dimensional form
positive shape
the principle or foreground shape in a design and the dominant shape or figure in a figure-ground relationship.
negative shape
1. a clearly defined area around a positive shape or form.
2. a shape created through the absence of an object rather than through the presence of an object
figure
the primary or positive shape in a design; a shape that is noticeably separated from the background. The dominant shape in a figure-ground relationship
figure/ground reversal
an arrangement in which positive and negative shapes alternatively command attention
rectilinear shape
a shape composed from a straight lines and angular corners
curvilinear shape
a shape whose contour is dominated by curves and flowing lines
geometric shape
a shape derived from or suggestive of geometry. Geometric shapes are characterized by crisp, precise edges and mathematically consistent curves
organic shape
a shape that visually suggests nature or natural forces.
nonobjective shape
shapes created without reference to specific visual subject matter
pure forms
circles, spheres, triangles, cubes, and other forms created without reference to specific subject matter
representational shape
a shape derived from specific subject matter and strongly based on visual observation
abstract shape
a shape that is derived from a visual source, but is so transformed that it bears little visual resemblance to that source
definition
1. the degree to which a shape is distinguished from both the ground area and from other shapes within the design.
2. the degree of resolution or focus of an entire image. Sharply defined shapes tend to advance while blurred shapes tend to recede
high definition
sharply focused visual information that is easily readable. High definition creates strong contrast between shapes and tends to increase clarity and immediacy of communication
low definition
blurred or ambiguous visual information. shapes can increase the complexity of the design and encourage multiple interpretations
collage
an image constructed from visual or verbal fragments initially designed for another purpose
physical texture
actual variation in a surface
visual texture
texture created using multiple marks or through a descriptive simulation of physical texture
invented texture
a form of visual texture that has been created without reference to perceptual reality
trompe l'oeil
a flat illusion that is so convincing the viewer believes the image is real. from a french term meaning "to fool the eye"
value
the relative lightness or darkness of a surface
value scale
a range of grays that are presented in a consistent sequence, creating a gradual transition from white to black
contrast
the degree of difference between compositional parts or between one image and another. it is created when two or more forces operate in opposition
value distribution
the proportion and arrangement of lights and darks in a composition. Also known as value pattern
attached shadows
a shadow that directly defines a form
volumetric
three-dimensional in nature
cast shadow
a dark shape that results from placement of an opaque object in the path of a light source
grisaille
a gray underpainting, often used by Renaissance artists, to increase the illusion of space
atmospheric perspective
a visual phenomenon in which the atmospheric density progressively increases, hazing over the perceived world as one looks into its depth.
chiaroscuro
the gradual transition of values to create the illusion of light and shadow on a three-dimensional form
accent color
a color that stands out from its surroundings. often used to attract the attention to a specific part of a design
achromatic
a color (such as black and white) that has no hue
additive color
color created by combining projected beams of chromatic light. the primaries are red, green, and blue and the secondaries are cyan, magenta, and yellow
afterimage
in color theory, a ghostly image that continues to linger after the actual image has been removed
analogus
a color scheme based on hues that are adjacent on a color wheel, such as red, red-orange, and orange
bezold effect
a change in a single color that substantially alters our perception of the entire composition
chroma
the purity, intensity, or saturation of a color
chromatic gray
a gray made from a mixture of various hues, rather than a simple blend of black and white.
color harmony
use of compatible colors to help unify a composition
color interaction
the way colors within a composition influence one another
color key
a color that dominates an image and heightens its psychological and compositional impact
color overtone
a secondary hue "bias" in a primary color.
color theory
the art and science of color interaction and effects
complementary
hues that oppose one another on a color wheel. when paired in a composition, complementary colors create contrast; when mixed, complementary colors produce a wide range of browns.
composition
the combination of multiple parts into a unified or harmonious whole
disharmony
combination of colors that clash with each other and appear to be jumping out of the picture
earth colors
colors made primarily from pigments in soil, and include raw sienna, burnt sienna, raw and burnt umber, and yellow ochre
hue
the name of a color (such as red or yellow) that distinguishes it from others and assigns it a position in the visual spectrum
intensity
1. the purity, saturation, or chroma of a color. for example, fire engine red is a high-intensity color.
2. in time design, the power, concentration, and energy with which an action is performed or the quality of observation of an event
monochromatic
a color scheme based on variations in a single hue.
opponent theory
an explanation for the electric glow that occurs when two complementary colors are placed side by side
primary colors
colors from which virtually all other colors can be mixed. the additive (or light) color primaries are red, green, and blue. The subtractive (or pigment) color primaries are yellow, magenta, red, and cyan blue
process colors
in four-color process printing, refers to the subtractive primary colors: yellow, magenta, and cyan, plus black
saturation
the purity, chroma, or intensity of a color
secondary colors
hues mixed from adjacent primaries. in paint, they are violet, green, and orange
shade
a hue that has been mixed with black
simultaneous contrast
the optical alteration of a color by a surrounding color
split complimentary
a complementary color plus the two colors on either side of its complement on the color wheel
subtractive color
hue created when light is selectively reflected off a colored surface
temperature
the physical and psychological heat suggested by a color's hue
tertiary colors
a hue that is mixed from a primary color and an adjacent secondary color
tint
a hue that has been mixed with white
tone
a hue that has been mixed with black and white
triadic
a color scheme based on three colors that are equidistant on a color wheel
value
the relative lightness or darkness of a surface
anomaly
an obvious break from norm in a design
approximate symmetry
a form of balance that occurs when roughly similar imagery appears on either side of a central axis
containment
a unifying force created by the outer edge of a composition or by a boundary within a composition
grid
a visual or physical structure created from intersecting parallel lines
layered space
compositional space that has been deliberately separated into foreground, middle ground, and background
one-point perspective
a form of linear perspective in which the lines receding into space converge at a single vanishing point of the eye level or horizon line
pattern
a design created through systematic repetition. Many patterns are based on a module, or repeated visual unit
proportion
the relative size of visual elements within an image
radial symmetry
a form of balance that is created when shapes or volumes are mirrored both vertically and horizontally, with the center of the composition acting as a focal point.
rhythm
1. presentation of multiple units in a deliberate pattern.
2. in filmmaking, the perceived rate and regularity of sounds, shots, and movement within the shots. Determined by the beat ( pulse), accent (stress) and tempo (pace)
scale
a size relationship between the size of the Statue of Liberty and a human visitor to the monument
three-point perspective
a form of linear perspective in which the lines receding into space converge at two vanishing points of the eye level (one to the left of the object being drawn and one to the right of the object being drawn) plus a third vanishing point above or below the eye level. Used when the picture plane must be tilted to encompass an object placed above or below the eye level
two-point perspective
a form of linear perspective in which the lines receding into space converge at two vanishing points of the eye level (or horizon line), one to the left of the object being drawn and one to the right of the object being drawn.
asymmetrical balance
equilibrium among visual elements that do not mirror each other on either side of an axis
balance
the equal distribution of weight or force among visual units
centricity
a compressive compositional force
closure
the mind's inclination to connect fragmentary information to produce a completed form.
composition
the combination of multiple parts into a unified or harmonious whole
continuity
degree of connection of flow among compositional parts
contrast
the degree of difference between compositional parts or between one image and another. Created when two or more forces operate in opposition
eccentricity
an expansive compositional force
emphasis
special attention given to some aspect of a composition to increase its prominence.
focal point
primary point of interest in a composition. often used to emphasize an area of particular importance or to provide a strong sense of compositional direction
fusion
the combination of shapes or volumes along a common edge
grouping
visual organization based on similarity in location, orientation, shape, color, and so on.
imbalance
the absence of balance
movement
in design, the use of deliberate visual pathways to help direct the viewer's attention to areas of particular interest
proximity
the distance between visual or structural elements or between an object and the audience
repetition
the use of the same visual element or effect a number of times in the same composition
symmetrical balance
a form of balance that is created when shapes are mirrored on either side of a central axis, as in a composition that is vertically divided down the center
unity
compositional similarity, oneness, togetherness, or cohesion
variety
the differences that give a design visual and conceptual interest; notably, use of contrast, emphasis, differences in size, and so forth.
visual weight
1. the inclination of shapes to float or sink compositionally. 2. the relative importance of a visual element within a design.
About this deck
By: Sierra Norman
Created: 2011-02-04
Size: 116 flashcards
Views: 50
Created: 2011-02-04
Size: 116 flashcards
Views: 50
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj
Naj