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Page 1 2/16/09 Physics 103, Spring 2009, U. Wisconsin 1 ??Work and Kinetic Energy ??Reminders: ??Midterm Exam I, Tuesday February 24, 5:45 PM ??Material from Chapters 1-4 inclusive ??One page of notes (8.5? x 11?) allowed ??20 multiple choice questions, 90 minutes ??Scantron will be used - bring #2 HB pencils + calculator 2/16/09 Physics 103, Spring 2009, U. Wisconsin 2 Requires non-zero external force (F) and displacement (?x) in the direction (?) of the force Units are Newton-meter defined as a joule also 1 calorie (energy raises a gm of water 1 degree C) 1 cal = 4.186 J W = F ?x cos ? + work is done on the object by the external force, if there is a displacement in the same direction - work is done on an object by an external force, if there is a displacement in the opposite direction. 2/16/09 Physics 103, Spring 2009, U. Wisconsin 3 ?? Work is done in lifting the box 2/16/09 Physics 103, Spring 2009, U. Wisconsin 4 A woman holds up a bowling ball in a fixed position. The work she does on the ball 1. Depends on the weight of the ball. 2. Cannot be calculated without more information. 3. Is equal to zero. Although the woman is exerting force against gravity to hold the bowling ball up, she has not shifted its position. Therefore, the work done by her on the ball is zero. 2/16/09 Physics 103, Spring 2009, U. Wisconsin 5 A man pushes a very heavy load across a horizontal floor. The work done by gravity on the load 1. Depends on the weight of the load. 2. Depends on the coefficient of kinetic friction between the load and the floor. 3. Is equal to zero. The load is moving horizontally, where as gravitational force is vertical. 2/16/09 Physics 103, Spring 2009, U. Wisconsin 6 You are towing a car up a hill with constant velocity. The work done on the car by the normal force is: 1. positive 2. negative 3. zero W T F N V Normal force is perpendicular to displacement cos? = 0 correct Page 2 2/16/09 Physics 103, Spring 2009, U. Wisconsin 7 You are towing a car up a hill with constant velocity. The work done on the car by the gravitational force is: 1. positive 2. negative 3. zero There is a non-zero component of gravitational force pointing opposite the direction of motion. W T F N V correct 2/16/09 Physics 103, Spring 2009, U. Wisconsin 8 You are towing a car up a hill with constant velocity. The work done on the car by the tension force is: 1. positive 2. negative 3. zero T is pointing in the direction of motion - therefore, work done by this force is positive. W T F N V correct 2/16/09 Physics 103, Spring 2009, U. Wisconsin 9 You are towing a car up a hill with constant velocity. The total work done on the car by all forces is: 1. positive 2. negative 3. zero Constant velocity implies that there is no net force acting on the car, so there is no work being done overall W T F N V correct 2/16/09 Physics 103, Spring 2009, U. Wisconsin 10 Energy is that quality of a substance or object which causes something to happen. Perhaps, one could term it the capability of exerting forces. The vagueness of the definition is due to the fact that energy can result in many effects. It is convertible into other forms without loss (i.e it is conserved) ??Kinetic Energy ??Electrical Energy ??Solar Energy ??Chemical Energy ??Nuclear Energy ??Gravitational Energy ???. 2/16/09 Physics 103, Spring 2009, U. Wisconsin 1 2/16/09 Physics 103, Spring 2009, U. Wisconsin 12 The ?energy of motion?. Work done on the object increases its energy, -- by how much? (i.e. how to calculate the value?) F = ma W = F d W = (ma) d V = V + 2 a d 2 2 0 1 2 1 2 2 2 0 a = 2 d V - V 2 2 0 2 d V - V 2 2 0 W = m d 1 2 2 Work-kinetic energy theorem Page 3 2/16/09 Physics 103, Spring 2009, U. Wisconsin 13 When you do positive work on an object, its kinetic energy 1. increases. 2. decreases. 3. remains the same. 4. need more information about the way the work was done Work-energy theorem: 2/16/09 Physics 103, Spring 2009, U. Wisconsin 14 ??Change in gravitational potential energy, ?PE g = mgh true for any path : h, is simply the height difference, y final - y initial ??A falling object converts gravitational potential energy to its kinetic energy ??Work needs to be done on an object to move it vertically up - work done is the same no matter what path is taken 2/16/09 Physics 103, Spring 2009, U. Wisconsin 15 Suppose you want to ride your mountain bike up a steep hill. Two paths lead from the base to the top, one twice as long as the other. Compared to the average force exerted along the short path, F av , the average force you exert along the longer path is 1. undetermined, because it depends on the time taken 2. F av / 2 3. F av 4. 2 F av correct Gravitational potential energy gained is the same for both cases It is equal to average force exerted times distance Since distance traveled is twice, the F av is one-half 2/15/09 Physics 103, Spring 2009, U. Wisconsin 16 Two marbles, one twice as heavy as the other, are dropped to the ground from the roof of a building. Just before hitting the ground, the heavier marble has 1. as much kinetic energy as the lighter one 2. twice as much kinetic energy as the lighter one 3. half as much kinetic energy as the lighter one 4. no kinetic energy correct Final velocity of the two marbles is the same Kinetic energy is proportional to mass 2/16/09 Physics 103, Spring 2009, U. Wisconsin 17 ??Force exerted to compress a spring is proportional to the amount of compression. 2/16/09 Physics 103, Spring 2009, U. Wisconsin 18 The potential energy of a spring is 1. proportional to the amount the spring is stretched. 2. proportional to the square of the amount the spring is stretched. 3. proportional to the amount the spring is compressed. Stretching Page 4 2/16/09 Physics 103, Spring 2009, U. Wisconsin 19 Sridhara Dasu Lect08.ppt