Personality

immediate awareness of current environment

ego, superego

available to awareness

ego

superego

unavailable to awareness

id

unconscious part of mind exerts great influence

raw, unorganized, inborn part of personality

-operates on unconscious level

-holds primitive desire

-pleasure principle

-represents the rights and the wrongs of society as taught and modeled by ones parents, teachers, and other significant individuals

-includes the conscience

strives to balance the desires of the id and the realities of the objective, outside world (superego)

-executive of personality

individuals encounter conflicts between the demands of society and their own sexual urges

-failure to resolve conflicts at any stage can result in fixation

unconscious strategies that people use to reduce anxiety

-repression

-displacement

erik erikson, carl jung, alfred adler, and karen horney

-believed frued laid too much emphasis on the events of chilhood as determinants of adult personality

-greater focus on ego, more control over id

-minimize importance of sex

-increase focus on social factors, effects of society, and culture

sometimes called the the first feminist psychologist

-suggested that personality develops in the context of social relationships

enduring personality characteristics that tends to lead to certain behaviors

-people can be described in terms of the basic ways they behave

father of american personality psychology

-allport rejects the notion that the unconscious was central to an understanding pf psychology

-must focus on present, not childhood

-uniqueness of each person and capacity to adapt to environment

likeable, agreeable, good, pleasant

unpleasant

bad

unagreeable

nasty

factor analysis

16PF personality scale

extraversion

neuroticism

psychoticism

OCEAN

openness

conscientiousness

extraversion

agreeableness

neuroticism

imaginative or practical

-interested in variety or routine

-independent or confronting

organized or disorganized

-careful or careless

-disciplined or impulsive

sociable or retiring

-fun loving or somber

-affectionate or reserved

softhearted or ruthless

-trusting or suspicious

-helpful or oncooperative

calm or anxious

-secure or insecure

-self satisfied or self pitying

psysical survival

reproductive success

influence of a persons cognitions, as well as observation of others behavior

-self efficiency

-self esteem

responsibility people have for their own behavior

rogers and maslow

concentrates on qhat is uniquely human

maslow

humans possess an inner drive to grow, improve, and use their potential to the fullest

psysiological needs

safety needs

belongingness and love

esteem

cognitive

aesthetic

self actualization

carl rogers

innate need for positive regard

acceptance, sympathy, love from others

real self vs ideal self

standard measures designed to assess behavior objectively

-reliability

-validity

tests are based on norms

developed by trait theorists

extensive interview which is used to determine the most important events in childhood, social relationships, and success and failure

-NEO-PI - based on five factor model

Myers briggs - based on jungs personality types

MMPI-2 - designed to detect abnormal personalities and psychological difficulties - used to predict everyday behavior