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- Connecticut
- University of Connecticut
- Human Development And Family Science
- Human Development And Family Science 2100
- Saxena
- Physical Development in Adolesence
Physical Development in Adolesence
Human Development And Family Science 2100 with Saxena at University of Connecticut
About this deck
By: Katherine Roberts
Created: 2011-12-13
Size: 50 flashcards
Views: 8
Created: 2011-12-13
Size: 50 flashcards
Views: 8
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puberty
latin word (pubertas) meaning adult
- when individual becomes capable of sexual reproduction
FACT: no new hormones produces and no new bodily systems develop at puberty.
estrogen, prostegon and testosterone always been in body, level changes and more production.
three physical manifestations
rapid accelation of growth (height)
development of primary sex characteristics
development of secondary sex characteristics
biological perspective
storm and stress (stanley hall) : so much energy but dont know how to channel
genital stage (freud) : focuses on genitals.
social perspectives
social and culture influences.
margret meed: some cultures puts them in positive posititions, encourgaes behavior. open sexual culture, not restricted
balaced point of view
both biological and social influences
phases of adolescence
early: 11/12 - 14 years. rapid pubital changes
middle: 14 - 16 years. puberty nearly complete
late: 16 - 18 years. achieves adult appearance and assumes adult roles.
emerging adulthood
18 - 25 years. ellongation of adolscence phase
menarche
ability to have period. even 10 years old can have periods.
scientific name from first menstruation, from the greek word arche, meaning "beginning"
hormonal changes
growth hormone and thyroxine increase around ages 8 and 9
androgens
more in boys, tesosterone
estrogen
more in girls, adrenal estrogens
sex differences in body growth
boys: growth spurt starts at 12 1/2. shoulders broaden, longer legs. gain more muscle, aerobic effiencey
girls: growth spurts starts at 10, hips broaden. gain more fat
*self esteem and social comparisons. boys more strength.
gross motor development
improves with puberty
girls: slow and gradual gains
boys: dramatic spurt in strength, speed and endurance
gander gap in skills widen
*decline in physical activity
primary sexual characteristics
genitals. those organs used in reproduction: ovaries, vagina, penis, testes, etc.
secondary sexual characteristics
signs of sexual maturity. not used in sexual reproduction. features visible on the outside of the body
examples: voice changes, facial hair, breasts, pubic hair, etc.
heredity - timing of pubery
if mom got period at a certain time, probably child will get it around the same time.
body fat similar, growth ends around same time
nutrition and exercise - timing of puberty
get period later if very active.
*body fat is necessary to get period: leptin is produced. if no body fat, then wont get period till later
geographical location - timing of puberty
U.S average 12 to 13 years
lumi (New Guinea) average > 18 years
ethnic groups - timing of puberty
different hair products can lead to early puberty from hormones and era
asian get later (because of their size)
SES - timing of puberty
less nutrition from lower economic status, puberty sooner and earlier (eating wrong foods and stress)
secular trends in menarche
average age for different countires all decreases. some used to be around 17, decreased frmo there.
changes in prefrontal cortex
limbic system overpowers the prefrontal cortex. --> means make less decisions
acting upon impulses.
limbic system regulates emotion, prefrontal cortex is organization.
if large gap --> make stupid decisions, and stupid behaviors.
limbic peaks around 15 - 16 (sensation seekers)
increased white matter
white matter increase, gray matter declines.
increased white matter reflects improved connectivity within and across brain regions.
pruning occurs, myelination speeds up, improved cognition.
effects of alcohol on brain
effects are pemanent and irreversible.
sleep habiting
sleep needs same as middle childhood (9 hours need)
- adolescents go to bed because of biological changes and social habits
such as technology, light prevents production of melatonin. biological: melatonin. social: technology
-
sleep deprivation
achievement and mood problems with lack of sleeep
leads to high risk behaviors: caffeine, ADHD drugs
psychological impact of puberty
hormonal changes ----> changes in behavior. *not accepted, too simple
hormonal changes --> changes in appearance --> changes in self image --> changes in behavior
hormonal changes --> changes in appearance --> changes in reactions of other --> changes in self esteem ---> changes in behavior. *****
Reactions to pubertal changes - cultural influence
culture plays a role based on preparation, girls more likely to share with peers, and different initiation ceremonies
parent - child conflict rises
more fights, such as curfew, trust issues, lots of questions, daily routine behaviors.
dont fight about big things (nothing like religon) --> fight about simple things such as when in middle childhood
emotions across the week
middle school: fluctuates through the week. highest around friday and saturday. general increase from wednesday, then declined again on sunday
same as for high school
early maturing boys
popular, confident and independent. positive body image
early maturing girls
unpopular, withdrawn, low confidence, negative body image. more deviant behavior
extra body weight, more body hair. other girls jealous because they havent matured yet leading to unpopular
pros: popularity with boys
cons: heavier and shorter stature later in life, sexual activity, lowered self image, high depression rates, eating disorders, anxiety.
late - maturing boys
unpopular, anxious, talkative, attentive seekings. negative body image
late - maturing girls
popular, sociable, lively. positive body image.
eating disorders
about 1/4 of american adolescents are highly dissatisfied with body
over 1/2 consider themselves overweight and have attempted to diet
- deviation from ideal physique --> low self esteem and other self image problems
-ideal body shape = slimmer, less curves
anorexia nervosa
an eating disorder in which young people, mainly girls, starve themselves because of a compulsive fear of getting fat
incidence increasing
starve out of fear of getting fat
- abnormalities in brain neurotransmitters may make some more susecptable
can be fatal.
less than 50% recover fully
bulimia nervosa
an eating disorder in which young people engage in strict dieting and excessive exercise accompanied by binge eating, often followed by deliberate vomitting and purging with laxatives
strict diet and excercise, followed by binge and purge
feelings of guilt and depression typical
can cause life-threatening damage
easier to treat*
car injuries
40% of adolescent deaths between ages 15 and 19.
high speed
alcohol
no seat belts
*all high risk behaviors
sports
injuries increase
- concussion, not wearing helmets, other injuries
sexual activity
recent decline in adolescence
- still high percentage sexually active
males earlier than females, few partners
*less precautions leading to pregnancy, STDs,
avg age around 8th/9th grade. decreasing right now.
as get old, higher percentage increasing
impact of culture on sexual activities
- U.S sexual attitudes are relatively restrictive
- parents give limited information about sex
- most learn about sex from friends, books, magazines, movies, TV and internet
internet --> especially hazardous educator.
42% of 10 - 17 year olds viewed porn websites on the internet in last year
- of those 66% encountered images accidentally
contraceptive use among adolescents
recent increase in contraceptive use
still 20% do not use....
sexual orientation
about 4% of young people identify as lesbian, gay or bisexual.
unknown number who experience same sex attraction have not outcome to their family members
heredity is important contributor to homosexuality
stereotypes and misconceptions to be widespread
sequence of coming out
feeling diffent : ages 6 to 12
confusion: ages 11 to 15 for boys; ages 14 to 15 girls
self acceptance: timing varies
most common STDs of adolescence
AIDS: 20 per 100000 (virus)
chlamydia: 1956 per 100000 (bacteria)
gonorrhea: 453 per 100000 (bacteria)
Genital Herpes: 1400 per 100000 (virus)
HPV: 15000 per 100000 (virus)
Syphillis: 4.2 per 100000 (bacteria)
growth spurt
a paid gain in height and weight that is the first outward sign of puberty
spermarche
scientific name for first ejaculation
body image
a person's conception of and attitude toward his or her physical appearance
adolescence
transition between childhood and adulthood
puberty
a flood of biological events leading to an adult sized body and sexual maturity
About this deck
By: Katherine Roberts
Created: 2011-12-13
Size: 50 flashcards
Views: 8
Created: 2011-12-13
Size: 50 flashcards
Views: 8
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis
Dennis