Plant Anatomy
Biology 119 with Diana Martin at Rutgers University - New Brunswick/Piscataway
About this deck
By: Ariel Ravell
Created: 2009-11-08
Size: 50 flashcards
Views: 35
Created: 2009-11-08
Size: 50 flashcards
Views: 35
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What is a vacuole?
Large fluid filled sac
Structure of vacuole
single membrane surrounding it - tonosplast; 90% of volume is water
Functions of a vacuole
- Lysosomal, Growth of plant celss, storage
What is a plastid
Group of membrane bound organelles used for food production and storage
3 examples of plastids and function
chloroplast - photosynthesis, amyloplast - starch storage, chromoplast - contain pigments
Primary cell wall
comprised of cellulose and other polysaccarides/proteins. H bonds give strength to wall
Secondary cell wall
comprised of polysaccarides and lignin. forms between cell membrane and primary cell wall. support/protection
Was primary or secondary cell walls formed first?
primary
What kind of cells have primary and what kind of cells have secondary cell walls?
primary - parenchyma, collenchyma and schlerenchyma
secondary - scelencyma. no longer growing in length
What is lignin?
stengthening polymer
What is the middle lamella
pectin/ sticky polysaccaride that dissolves as fruit ripens. used for thickening in jams
What is the middle lamella comprised of?
pectin
What are the two sstems the plant is organized into?
root- below ground.
shoot - above ground
What 3 tissue systems are found in a plant?
ground, derml, and vascular
Function of ground tissue
photosynthesis, storage, support
Funciton of vascular tissue
conduction of water/minerals thru plant
Function of dermal tissue
covering for plant body
What is simple tissue
composed of only one cell type
complex tissues
composed of 2 or more ccell types
organ
composed of all 3 tissue systems
What are the three types of tissues found in the ground tissue system?
parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma
Parenchyma - Where are they found? What is their shape? Are they dead or alive at maturity? Do they have a primary and/or secondary cell wall? Do the cell walls have any unusual characteristics? What are their functions?
Found throughout plant body, least specialized, thin/flexible. alive at maturity, only primary cell wall. not involved in support. secretion of hormones, enzymes, nectar
Function - photosynthesis, storage
Collenchyma - Where are they found? What is their shape? Are they dead or alive at maturity? Do they have a primary and/or secondary cell wall? Do the cell walls have any unusual characteristics? What are their functions?
soft/ non woody plant organs. elongated cells, alive at maturity - found near stem surfaces and along leaf veins. they have primary cell walls only cell wall is unevenly thickened.
Function - structural .. NOT metabolic
Sclerenchyma - Where are they found? What is their shape? Are they dead or alive at maturity? Do they have a primary and/or secondary cell wall? Do the cell walls have any unusual characteristics? What are their functions?
Found in areas of the plant that are NO LONGER growing in length at maturity - dead. They are very thick cells and have both primary and secondary cell walls. 2 types - sclerid - short thick secondary wall, and fiber long slender tapered bundles
function to protect and support
Where is the vascular tissue system found?
embedded in ground tissue system
Function of phloem
transport dissolved carbs- dissolved suggar
Function of xylem
conducts water from roots to stem and leaves. structural support in flowering plants
What types of cells are found in the phloem
sieve - tube elements
companion cells
parenchyma
fiber cells
Types of cells found in xylem
tracheids, vessel elements, parenchyma, fiber
What is the function of the sieve tube element
joined end to end to form ieve tubes.. endwalls at tops and bottom have sieve plates. cytoplasm entend from cell to cell - conduct dissolved sugar
When the sieve tube elements are stacked end-to-end what is formed?`
sive tubes
What is found at the ends of sieve tube elements?
sieve plates
What type of cell walls do ste have?
primary cell walls
are ste living or dead at maturity?
living but have lost many organelles - no nucleus/ribosomes/vacuoles
What do STE have at maturity?
ER, plastids, mebrane, primary cell wall
What have STE lost at maturity?
nucleus, mitochondira, ribosome, vacuole
What is the function of the companion cells?
assists in function of ste
To what type of cells are companion cells found adjacent
STE
How do they (companion cells) communicate with these cells? (ste)
cytoplasmic connections - plasmodesmata
Are they living or dead at maturity (comp cells)?
living
Tracheids. Are they dead or alive at maturity? Do they have primary and/or secondary cell walls? What is the shape of the cell? Which can function as support as well? Compare the way in which water moves from one cell to another (contrast pit and perforation). Which is the more efficient way to move water? Which is the safer way to move water? What types of plants have only tracheids and what types have vessel elements as well?
long tapered. dead at maturity. only primary cell walls. tracheids can function as support. move water safely but inefficiently through pits. no air in water. tracheids in ghymnosperms and seedless vas. plants
vessel elements. Are they dead or alive at maturity? Do they have primary and/or secondary cell walls? What is the shape of the cell? Which can function as support as well? Compare the way in which water moves from one cell to another (contrast pit and perforation). Which is the more efficient way to move water? Which is the safer way to move water? What types of plants have only tracheids and what types have vessel elements as well?
deas at maturity. primary cell wall. shape is hollow tube with holes in end (slurpie straw). not function as support.. water moves through holes in ends - high speed conduction - less safe - air shut down conduction
Plants with vessel elements
flowering plants
What two complex tissues comprise the dermal tissue system?
epidermis, periderm
What is the outermost covering of an herbaceous plant?
epidermal cells
Do epidermal cells have chloroplasts
no chloroplasts - transparent to allow light in
What do the epidermal cells of aerial plant parts secrete to minimize water loss
cuticle
How do gases pass through the epidermis?
stomata
What controls the opening and closing of the stomata?
shape of guard cells
The shape of guard cells is determined by the movement of what
water
About this deck
By: Ariel Ravell
Created: 2009-11-08
Size: 50 flashcards
Views: 35
Created: 2009-11-08
Size: 50 flashcards
Views: 35
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy
Kathy