Plant Vocabulary and Review

College Prep Biology with Good at Kohler High School

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By: Emery Edmunds
Created: 2012-04-29
Size: 138 flashcards
Views: 2

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agriculture

growing plants and raising animals for human use

cultivars

Wild plants fostered by human efforts to make them more productive

cereals

grasses that contains grains

root crops

are roots or underground stems that are rich in carbohydrates

legumes

are members of the pea family and bear protein-rich seeds in pods

vegetables

foods derived from the leaves, stems, seeds, and roots of nonwoody plants

fruits

the part of the flower that usually contains seeds

spices

used to add taste

herbs

used to add taste

fertilizers

supply plants with essential mineral nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus

pesticides

chemicals that kill undesirable organisms that eat crops

aspirin

the worlds most widely used medicine

gasohol

grains that are fermented into alcohol and mixed with gasoline

plant ecology

the study of the interactions between plants and the environment

weeds

are undesirable plants that often crowd out crop plants or native plant species

cuticle

a waxy covering that prevents desiccation

seed

an embryo surrounded by a protective coat

endosperm

a tissue that provides nourishment for the developing plant

vascular tissue

a type of tissue that transports water and dissolved substances from one part of the plant to another

xylem

carries water and inorganic nutrients in one direction, from the roots to the stems and leaves

phloem

carries organic compounds such as carbohydrates and some inorganic nutrients in any direction depending on the plants needs

woody tissue

formed from several layers of xylem, usually concentrated in the center of the stem

herbaceous

nonwoody plants

nonvascular plants

have neither true vascular tissue nor true roots, stems, or leaves

vascular plants

have vascular tissues and true roots, stems, and leaves

seed plants

plants that produce seeds for reproduction

gymnosperms

produce seeds that are not enclosed in fruits

angiosperms

produce seeds within a protective fruit

Sporophyte

Multicellular diploid that results from union of gametes

gametophyte

the stage on the life cycle of a plant in which the plant produces gametes,or sex cells.

alternation of generations

the life cycle which alternates between gametophyte and sporophyte

rhiziods

rootlike structures attached to gametophytes

sphagnum

peat moss, a genus of moss that is a major component of peat bogs in northern parts of the world

thalloid

a flat body with distinguishable upper and lower surfaces

strobilus

cones

rhizome

an underground stem on ferns

fiddleheads

the tightly coiled new leaves of ferns

fronds

mature leaves of fronds

Germinates

A seed sprouting when conditions become favorable.

seedling

when an embryo begins to grow into a young plant

Deciduous

loses leaves during dormant season

ovary

femal part of the flower that encloses eggs

cotyledons

seed leaves

monocots

containing only one cotyledon in their embryo

dicots

containing two cotylendons in the embryo

parallel venation

bundles of vascular tissue that run parallel to each other

veins

bundles of vascular tissue

net venation

when one or more nonparallel veins branch repeatedly, forming a interconnected network

parenchyma

fleshy part of plant that stores water and nutrients

collenchyma

have thick cell walls that strengthen and support plant
structures.

sclerenchyma

the tissue of the ground system that supports and strengthens the plant even where growth is no longer occuring

dermal tissue

forms the outside covering of the plant

epidermis

the outer layer made of parenchyma cells

cuticle

waxy layer covering the outer epidermal wall

Ground tissue system

functions like photosynthesis, storage, and protection. contains parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclrenchyma tissues.

vascular tissue system

functions in transport and support

tracheid

long thick walled sclerenchyma cell with tapering ends

pits

thin porous areas of the cell wall

vessel element

a sclerenchyma cell that has either large holes in the top and bottom walls or no ends walls at all

vessels

vessel elements that are stacked to form long tubes

sieve tube member

the conducting parenchyma cell of angiosperm phloem

sieve tubes

sieve tube members are stacked to form long sieve tubes

companion cells

assists in transport

meristems

regions where cells continously divide

apical meristems

are found at or near the tips of roots and shoots

produce primary growth that increases length of the plant body

intercalary meristems

located above the bases of leaves and stems

allow grass leaves to quickly regrow after being grazed or mowed

lateral meristem

allow stems and roots to increase in diameter

vascular cambium

located between the phloem

produces additional vascular vascular tissues

cork cambium

located outside the phloem and produces cork

cork

cells that are dead cells that provide protection and prevent water loss

primary growth

growth in length

secondy growth

growth in diameter

taproot

the first and largest root

fibrous root system

numerous small roots that branch out

adventitous roots

specialized roots that grow from stems and leaves

root cap

protective cover covering the root tip (apical meristem)

root hairs

extensions of epidermal cells, increase the surface area of the root and increases the plants ability to absorb water and minerals

cortex

located just inside the epidermis

endodermis

the innermost cylinder of the cortex

pericycle

the outermost layer or layers of the central vascular tissues

macronutrients

nutrients used in large quantity more than 1,000

micronutrients

nutrients used in small quantity less than 100

internodes

stems divided into segments

node

the end of each internode

bud

capable into developing into a new shoot

bud scales

specialized leaves enclosing the apical meristem

pith

located in the center of the stem

wood

secondary xylem

heartwood

darker wood in the center of the tree

sapwood

lighter colored wood nearer the outide of the trunk

bark

protective outside covering of woody plants

springwood

new xylem tissue with cells that are wide and thin walled

summerwood

smaller cells with thicker walls

annual ring

the abrupt change between summerwood and springwood

source

movement of carbohydrates occurs from where the carbohydrates are made or have been stored

sink

where carbohydrates can be stored or used

translocation

the movement of carbohydrates throught the plant

pressure flow hypothesis

states that carbohydrates are actibely transported into sieve tubes

transpiration

water loss through the leaf stomata

cohesion tension theory

water is pulled up the stme xylem by the strong attraction of water molecules to each other

tendril

specialized leaf found in many vines, coiled

blade

the broad flat portion of a leaf

petiole

where the blade is attached to the stem

simple leaf

having only one blade

compound leave

more than one simple leave

leaflets

divided blade

mesophyll

ground tissue composed of chloroplast rich parenchyma cells

palisade mesophyll

occurs directly beneath the upper epidermis and is the site of most photosynthesis

spongy mesophyll

beneath the palisade layer

venation

the arrangement of veins in a leaf

net venation

main vein or veins repeatedly branch to form a conspicuous network of smaller veins

guard cells

modified cells found on the leaf epidermis that regulate gas and water exchange

antheridium

male reproductive structure that produces hundreds of flagellated sperm by mitosis

archaegonium

femal reproductive structure that produces a single egg by mitosis

homospory

production of one type of spore

sori

sporangia grouped together in clusters

Microspores

Spores that will later develop into the male gametophyte

Megaspores

Spore from heterosporous plant that develops into female gametophyte

heterospory

production of different spores

megasporangia

produce megaspores

megagametophytes

femal gametophytes

integument

thick layer of cells that surrounds each megasporium

micropyle

small opening in the megasporangium

pollen tube

slender extension of the pollen grain that enables sperm to reach an egg

receptacle

specialized leaves form on the swollen tip of a floral branch

sepals

the outermost whorl of flower parts

Petals

Modified leaf of angiosperm. Often colorful that advertise to insects and other pollinators

Stamens

Male reproductive organ that produces pollen. Has anther and filament

Carpels

Female reproductive organ of flower. Has stigma, style and ovary

pistil

one or more carples fused together

ovary

enlarged base of a pistil

style

stalklike and rises from the ovary

stigma

tip of the style

seed coat

protective coat covering a seed

raidicle

embryonic root

hypocotyl

stem between the cotyledons and the radicle

plumule

epicotyl along with any embryonic leaves

hilum

scar that marks where the seed was attached to the ovary wall

About this deck

By: Emery Edmunds
Created: 2012-04-29
Size: 138 flashcards
Views: 2

About StudyBlue

“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy