PLS 160 Exam 2 Study Guide.docx

Key terms for Exam 2. Military Conflict and Security Dilemma Security Dilemma (SD)- Efforts to increase my own security decrease others security. -Assumptions behind -Anarchy -Self Help Arms Race- very strong motive of fear, which moves each group to increase its armaments because of the existence of those of the opposing group. (e.g., and in military competition, vs. in naval strength, US vs. during the Cold War, vs. both pursuing nuclear arms) How to ease SD -Geography, physical distance and terrain (e.g. swamp and mountains) -Defensive tech. better/ cheaper than offensive ones -Offence/ defense differentiation -Different weapons for offence and defense (only barbed wire OR fighter planes) Assumptions for SD Nuclear Power, First Strike, Second Strike, and Mutual Assured Destruction (MAD) Cold War and Defensive Advantages - Not differentiable, but defense dominates (first strike would lead to end of the world) Fighter planes? can protect your territory, but threatens others as well. Carries? surely offensive, extend your capabilities geographically. Missile Defense? More defense, but can be offense because this allows it with first strike capability National Missile Defense (NMD) - a military strategy and associated systems to shield an entire country against incoming Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles (ICBMs) or alternately more short-range ballistic missiles Democratic Peace (DP)- holds that democracies, for some appropriate definition of democracy,[2] rarely go to war with one another. DP conflict resolution- DP selection DP dyadic peace- Democrats end to reciprocate each other?s cooperative behavior, accepts third parties mediations or good offices in settling disputes, and generally resolve conflicts peacefully. Relative Deprivation - War Arise out of a sense of RELATIVE DEPRIVATION - Not so much the absolute reduction but jealously that causes war - Deprivation in and Jealously in two dimensions - Someone has more then you (and want it!) Life should be better then it is, or expectations are not met. -Poorest do not attack richest J-curve - Tedd Robert Gurr (re-arranged the RD theory into the J-curve argument) - Economic progress and setback: feeling of RD is most intensive - People and groups do not fight when others have more than them. - Instead they fight when steady progress (increasing wealth, power, status) -Appeal 1) Understanding that people need stuff to fight 2) Expections might grow faster than piggy banks 3) Boom and brust will cause people to be more embarrassed and frustrated (French Revo.) Capitalism and War (Hobson) Capitalistaccumulation of capital(rich) The uneven distribution of wealthunder consumption Companies need to find foreign markets This happens in many places at onceCompanies Capitalism and War (Lenin) - International Bankers and Capitalist Wars Territorial Issues