Political Science 101- Final Review

StudyBlue printing of Political Science 101- Final Review html, body, div, span, applet, object, iframe, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, blockquote, pre, a, abbr, acronym, address, big, cite, code, del, dfn, em, font, img, ins, kbd, q, s, samp, small, strike, strong, sub, sup, tt, var, b, u, i, center, fieldset, form, label, legend, table, caption, tbody, tfoot, thead, tr, th, td { margin: 0; padding: 0; border: 0; outline: 0; font-size: 100%; background: transparent; } body { line-height: 1; } blockquote, q { quotes: none; } blockquote:before, blockquote:after, q:before, q:after { content: ''; content: none; } /* remember to define focus styles! */ :focus { outline: 0; } /* remember to highlight inserts somehow! */ ins { text-decoration: none; } del { text-decoration: line-through; } /* tables still need 'cellspacing="0"' in the markup */ table { border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0; } /* end RESET */ .header { min-width:800px; } .logo { padding:6px 20px 2px 20px; margin:0; font-size:25px; font-weight:bold; color:#808285; position:relative; border-bottom: 1px solid #c5c5c5; } .logo-blue { color:#70adc4; } .logo-desc { font-weight:normal; font-size:19px; color:#cccccc; margin-top:50px; position:absolute; display: none; } .back-button { position:absolute; top:20px; right:20px; font-size:13px; line-height:25px; color:rgb(0,175,225); font-weight:normal; } .back-button a { color:rgb(0,175,225); } .instructions { padding:0; margin:0; width:100%; position:relative; color:rgb(100,100,100); } .step-holder { border-left:1px solid #ededed; margin-left:20px; } .steps { padding:15px 0; float:left; width:24%; border-right:1px solid #ededed; text-align:center; } .steps-01 { } .steps-02 { } .steps-03 { } .steps-04 { } .label { padding:5px 10px; } .print-button { } .print-button a { background-color:rgb(0,175,225); color:white; line-height: 19px; padding:9px 8px 5px 30px; font-size:14px; text-decoration:none; background-image: url(images/printer.png); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: 7px 50%; -moz-border-radius: 5px; -webkit-border-radius: 5px; } .print-button a:hover { background-color:black; } .theNote .content { width: 8.0in !important; margin: 5px auto; padding:20px; background-color:white; } .theNote .header { border-bottom: 1px dashed #C8C8C8; font-size: 17px; padding: 0 0 10px; line-height: 19px; color: #00ADE1; min-width:500px; } .theNote .body { font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px; padding: 10px 0; } .theNote{ padding:6px 0; clear:both; background-color: rgb(200,200,200); } .theNote h3{ color: rgb(100,100,100); } .theNote h1, .theNote h3{ background-color:white; padding:2px 20px; width:8.0in !important; margin: 0 auto; font-size: 15px; } .theNote h1{ padding-top: 10px; font-size: 15px; } .theNote h1:first-child{ font-size: 20px; } .theNote h3 { font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal; } #options { border: 3px double #ccc; padding: 5px 12px; margin: 10px 50px 10px 20px; float: left; } #info { border-top: 1px solid #ccc; padding-top: 5px; font-style: italic; } li { margin: 5px 10px 5px 25px; } ul li { list-style: disc; } ol li { list-style: decimal; } img { border: 0; } table { clear: both; width: 100%; border: 1px solid #c5c5c5; border-width: 1px 0; margin: 0; page-break-after: always; } table#page { page-break-after: auto; } td { text-align: center; font-size: 12px; border-bottom: 1px dashed #c5c5c5; height: 1.75in; width: 50%; padding-left: 15px; } .leftside { border-right: 1px solid #cccccc; padding: 0 15px 0 0; } .bottom td { border-bottom: none; } .clearfix { clear:both; line-height:1px; height:1px; } img { max-width:80%; max-height:150px; margin:20px; } @media print {.header { display: none; } .content .header{ display:inherit; } table { border: 1px dashed #bbb; border-width: 1px 0; } .theNote{ background-color:white; } } Political Science 101- Final Review Political Science 101- Final Review 1. Elections in which voters make policy directly by changing laws, constitutions, or charters are called: 2. The term describing the various factors contributing to the high rates of electoral success and low rates of turnover for members in congress is the: 3. In the 2000 presidential election, African Americans voted overwhelmingly for which candidate? 4. What is a short clip, ten to fifteen seconds long, that provides a catchy phrase conveying a simple message? 5. Which Country’s candidates spend more time campaigning for office than any other country? 6. What is the percentage of reelection in the House? 7. The American presidential contest is marked by two phases. What are they? (2 points) 8. The constitution assigns the administration of elections to what governments? (2 points) 9. What is the most crucial aspect of a presidential candidate’s nomination strategy? 10. What state has the greatest number of electoral votes? 11. What are local party organizations that dominate elections in an area over a long period through a variety of both legal and illegal means? 12. What movement attempted to reform government by eliminating fraud, corruption, and inefficiency. 13. What is the significance of Smith v Allwright? 14. What political party held the first political convention? When was it held? 15. What did Wisconsin introduce in 1903 as a device to involve more people in the nomination process? 16. What is the primary purpose of the major parties’ national conventions? 17. What was the McGovern-Fraser Commission? 18. What was the cause of the first great party realignment? 19. What was the second realigning caused by? 20. What is a decline in party identification among the masses of voters? 21. The right to join interest groups is made possible by what amendment? 22. Alexis de Tocqueville noted that America was a “nation of ______”? 23. Theodore Lowi believes what has corrupted our politics and undermined our government? 24. Classical republican theorists believed that the principal objective of government should be the furtherance of . 25. Who is more likely to favor tariffs? (2 points) 26. Labor Union members tend to favor what political party? 27. What kinds of groups use the courts to further their cause? ( 3 points) 28. What are political action groups? 29. What is a Gridlock? 30. The proportion of the nonagricultural work force belonging to unions is referred to as . 31. What is pack journalism? 32. Who is credited for giving the first press conference? 33. An unauthorized release of information is referred to as? 34. What is a supermarket tabloid? 35. What c able television channel routinely covers hearings in both the House and Senate in addition to interviews and discussions on public policy proceedings? 36. What happened to Gary Hart in the 1987 election? 37. What was significant about the Nixon/JFK presidential debate? 38. In (1972), the Supreme Court said that “we cannot seriously entertain the notion that the First Amendment protects a newsman’s agreement to conceal the criminal conduct of his source, or evidence thereof, on the theory that it is better to write about crime than to do something about it.” 39. To operate a television or radio station, a person must obtain a license from the . 40. During the presidential campaign of 1992, Vice President Dan Quayle attacked the popular television show ________. 41. What is the difference between a trustee and a delegate? 42. What are the powers of Congress listed in the Constitution called? 43. What amendment allows Congress to create and collect taxes? 44. What is the name of the clause in Article 1, Section 8 of the Constitution that provides Congress with implied powers? 45. What committee considers how money will be spent for each government program? 46. What do the Ways and Means Committee in the House and the Finance Committee do? 47. What is particularism? 48. Congress’s most significant power within Checks and Balances system is? 49. When does Congressional Oversight occur? 50. What is the most important leadership position in the House of Representatives? 51. The President’s power to reject a bill is called? 52. What is the ultimate punishment for the abuse of presidential power? 53. What amendment limits a president to two-terms? What president caused this amendment? 54. What is the Chief Executive’s power? 55. What does the President’s cabinet do? 56. The powers of the presidency are less susceptible to constitutional and political restraints in those areas that affect . 57. When does the President have the most legislative success? 58. The use of an executive agreement allows the president to circumvent the power of . 59. What are the major trial courts in the Court System? 60. How many judges are on a panel in the court of appeals? 61. Who is John Jay? 62. What Supreme Court Case did the Court exercise its right to strike down an act of congress for the second time? 63. What is the most important Court case of the Warren Court Era? 64. Who was the first Court Justice Nomination to be rejected? 65. What can Interest Groups make to influence the Courts decision to hear the case? 66. What is senatorial courtesy? 67. What happens if the Supreme Court refuses to review a lower court’s decision? 68. What is Judicial Restraint? 69. Much of the growth of the bureaucracy during the nineteenth century was attributable to the growth of the . 70. What is the Department of Interior’s purpose? 71. What is the Hatch Act? When was it created? 72. What did the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 do? 73. What did Al Gore do under the banner of reinventing government? 74. What are the heads of 15 major executive departments a member of? 75. What is the Administrative Procedures Act? 76. Andrew Johnson’s defense “it was necessary to ensure the implementation of presidential will ” in response to the criticism of his use of the _____________? 77. Congressional checks on the bureaucracy include . (3 points) 78. What act was passed by Congress in an attempt to encourage government employees to report cost overruns by government contractors? 79. What are the Civil War Amendments? 80. What is it called to reach a judicial decision on something? 81. Who wrote Democracy in America? 82. What is the 15 th Amendment? 83. What is an official that presides at an administrative trial-type hearing to resolves disputes between a government agency and individual affected by them? 84. What was the Anti-Masonic party? 85. What are the president’s roles? And the duty of each? ( 2 86. What is a conference committee? 87. When did the Arab Oil Embargo begin? What did it entail? 88. What is a Bureaucracy? 89. What is a Demagogue? 90. What is a direct primary? 91. What is a divided party government? 92. What agency of the federal government is in charge of protecting human health and the environment? 93. What does the fairness doctrine entail? 94. What is the Federal Communications Commission control? 95. What agency was created by Congress to maintain stability and confidence in the nation’s financial standings? 96. Federalist Papers: 10 a. The Executive Department 51 b. The Judiciary Department 70 c. The Structure of the Government Must Furnish the Proper Checks 78 d. Union as a Safeguard Against Domestic Faction and Insurrection 97. What is it called to manipulate an electoral area to gain unfair political advantage? 98. What is Habeas Corpus? 99. What do you call someone who supports an idealogy? 100. What is an Incumbency Advantage? 101. How is the internet affecting politics? 102. Is the United States a Single Executive Branch or a Dual Executive Branch? 103. What is a primary? What is a closed primary? 104. What is a caucus? 105. Which Justice decides who will write the opinions of the Court? 106. What do standing committees do? 107. What were the original positions of the Cabinet? Important People: Alexander Hamilton: Al Gore: Antonin Scalia: Andrew Jackson Andrew Johnson: Barry Goldwater: Bill Clinton: Charles Evans Hughes: Daniel Webster: Dwight D. Eisenhower: Earl Warren: Elena Kagen: Franklin D. Roosevelt: Gary Hart George W. Bush: George Washington: Henry Clay: James Madison: James Monroe: John Adams: John F. Kennedy: John Jay: John Marshall: John Paul Stevens: Lyndon Johnson: Richard Nixon: Richard Nuestadt: Robert H. Bork: Ronald Reagan: Ruth B. Ginsburg: Sandra Day O’Connor: Teddy Roosevelt: Theodore Lowi: Thomas Jefferson: Thurgood Marshall: Warren E. Burger: William Henry Harrison: William Howard Taft: William Rehnquist: Woodrow Wilson: