ppt lecture 1 & definitions

Pharmacy Practice 6420 with Mauro at University of Toledo

About this deck

By: Maureen Converse
Created: 2011-08-28
Size: 47 flashcards
Views: 12

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pathophysiology

the study of abnormal functioning of the living organism and its parts

pharmacotherapy

pharmacologial treatment of a disorder

epidemiology of a disease state

who is at risk for getting the disease

etiology of a disease state

what is the cause of the disease

pathogenesis of a disease state

process of the disease developing

clinical presentation of a disease state

heart failer - swollen feet, neck veins dilate out, hearing water in lungs
what we are observing
symptoms = offered to you

diagnostic procedures used in the diagnosis and monitoring of a disease state

tests, chest x ray, EKG
clinical laboratory tests used in the diagnosis and monitoring of a disease state, meaures concentraion of stubstances in blood, checking for abnormal blood tests

non-pharmacological treatment

someone with heart-failer shouldn't eat salty food,avoid certain things

pharmacological treatment

MEDICATIONS - explain why one drug is better than another, dosing guidelines, what not to use - contradicitons, adverse reactions, - how to prevent, how to treat, drug interactions, pharmacokinetic prosective, everything you dispense to the patient - give them feedback, what to avoid

for medications utilized in treatment

a. basis for their preference and therapeutic alternatives if the selected agent fails or cannot be tolerated
b. pharmacology
c. doising and administration guidelines
d. contradictions
e. adverse reactions - treatment and prevention
f. imp pt counceling info
g. drug interactions and clinical laboratory interferences

intravenous administration

needle inserted into the patients vein, often connected to an IV intravenous solution (in plastic bag) or (bottle)

intravenous containers

different volumes (common range: 50 - 1L) can vary

examples of compositions of intravenous containers

sodium chloride, dextrose, medication

what is never in an IV bag?

pure water - too hyprotonic

what 3 types on intravenous IV administration are there

maintenance infusion, continuous medication infusion, fluid bolus

what is a maintenance infusion?

intravenous - given over a period of time, cant be given fluids (NaCl with some potassium added)
**when patient cannot take oral fluids

continuous medication infusion

intravenous: generally, medications with short half-lives (how long does it take the concentration of medicine drop by half) or a narrow therapeutic range (a little bit too much is toxic, too little = subtheraputic) - short half lives would beam you would have to give ti every 3 minutes, so give intravenous

fluid bolus

intraveneous - accident = losing a lot of blood, hypotensive - need specific blood type
when a pt is considerably hypovolumic - half to 2 liters

what is an intravenous push injection

IVP - give medicine over short period of time, few seconds or so - fit into a seringe...put into vein, tend to be medications with long half lives or quick acting medicines
a. dose given as a bolus injection
b. quickly injected
c. generally, meds with long halflives or quick acting

intermittent intravenous infusion

generally, a "smaller" IV back is "hooked" into an established maintenance IV line
a. smaller bag is often referred to as an IV piggyback [IVPB] antibiotic is pigg backed onto mainline infusion

two sites of injection into vein

peripheral and central

peripheral injection

as long as osm is less than 900 you can give peripherally, but if greater (highly concentrated give it centrally)

central injection

high concentration or very irritating medication

nasogastic tube

through sinuses, down troat, unconscious, or they are overdosed and need to pump out their stomach - suction out substance, then give charcoal to absorb anything that wasn't absorbed already

urinary catheters

rubber plastic tubes around urethra to collect urine, sometimes people cannot urinate on their ow, and to get accurate measurements of theri urin eoutput

foley catheter

through urethra into bladder

texas catheter

condom like device

"monitor"

pt is observed closely by health profesesionals

what is continuously measured when monitoring a pt

1. EKG (rhythm and pulse)
2. BP
3. respirations
4. O2 satuation - device on finger

physiology

study of normal functions of the living organism and its parts

etiology

cause of the disease: ex. cancer is the cause of hypothyroidism

pathogenesis

process or mechanism that leads to the development of a disease

sign

OBJECTIVE evidence obtained from pt indicating disease (evidence perceived by examiner) not a lab test

rash, heart murmur, peripheral edema, wheezes

symptom

SUBJECTIVE evidence provided by the pt indicating disease (evidence which cannot be perceived by examiner) has to be volunteered to you by pt.
ex. im not hungry, i feel tired, i have lost weight

physical findings

info obtained from physical examination of pt

manifestation

characteristic signs, symptoms, and/or history of an illness
ex. manifestation of thyroid disease = goiter

pathognomic

characteristic of a disease that is NOT accociated with any other disease - if someone has it then you know they have the specific disease

sequela

a lesion or process occuring secondary to a primary disease, due to something
sequela of gout = kidney stone, high uric acid in body.
SOMETHING NEGATIVE, COMPLICATION

syndrome

a set of signs and symptoms which occur together. a particular syndrome can be due to a variety of disorders. syndrome doesn't tell you what its from; it could be due to multiple things
ex. heart failer my have many causes: salt overload, Heart valve disease, swollen veins

rule out

to perform diagnostic processes in determining whether or not a pt has a disease process which is suggested by the pts symptoms and signs
ex. pt complains of chest pain and has a slightly high EKG: pt is admitted to rule out MI, other causes of chest pain include ulcers and esophagitis

epidemiology

distribution and determinants of a disease condition
ex. rheumatic fever - 5-15yr oldsin crowded poor conditions
inflammatory bawl disease - common of people of scandivavian ethnicity

incidence

number of cases that a specific disease state is NEWLY diagnosed within a population group over a period of time. RATE RATE RATE.
ex. 3000 new cases per year

prevalence -

number of cases of a specific diseae present among a population at a given time
just number of people

iatrogenic -

undesirable outcome induced by therapeutic regimen
renal faliure due to motrin, health professional gives wrong treatment

idiopathic

cause of a disorder is unknown

sensitivity

few false negatives (good screening test)

specificity

few false postivies (good confirmation test) can tell soemone they have the disease, it is believable

About this deck

By: Maureen Converse
Created: 2011-08-28
Size: 47 flashcards
Views: 12

About StudyBlue

“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj