Prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination.ppt

Prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination Prejudice as an attitiude ABC Affect?negative feelings towards group Cognitions?stereotypes Behavior?discrimination Universality of prejudice Power majorities and power minorities Individual and institutional Gender Gender stereotypes Start early Gender attitudes Ambivalent sexism Hostile Benevolent Paternalism Differentiation Competitive Complementary Heterosexuality Harassment Quid pro quo & hostile environment Sex and power Layers and history Before 20?s Race psychology 30?s & 40?s irrational prejducie 40?s & 50?s personality Authoritarian personality Maintain self-image 60?s social learning Southern racism and norms Gain benefits for group and gain social approval 80?s & 90?s cognition Universality of prejudice Symbolic racism & minimal groups Automatic and unconscious Conserve mental effort Impact on target Individual self?esteem African?American higher than White Collective self?esteem Public and private collective self-esteem African-American no correlation, Asian- American strong correlation Coping tactics to preserve self-esteem Attributional ambiguity Personal/group discrimination discrepancy Intra?group comparisons Downward and upward social comparisons Impact continued Negative feedback?control versus self?esteem Performance and social self?esteem Performance and social control Impact of prejudice Token status Stereotype threat Disidentification Routes to Disidentification Devaluing?lessening the importance of academic domains to self-view Discounting?questioning the validity of academic outcomes Multidimensional Alienation Intrinsic Success Expectations of others Gender differences Disidentification Perceived Academic Self Concept Challenge Step?up Increased Effort Discounting Devaluing Attribution to prejudice (if stigmatized) Social comparison shifts General Isolated Isolated response to subject matter External Internal Due to feedback, continued use leads to general Overuse Upward Downward Discouragement Step-up Overuse-- stasis Redefine efficacy Inaccurate self-handicap Accurate self- esteem maintenance Disidentification (General Devaluing) Severe Identify with superior in-group Material Benefits for Group Why we hate?Monteith and Winters Implicit association test (IAT) Minimal group studies (Tajfel) In?group advantage Random assignment to group Maximize in?group advantage versus maximize rewards Realistic group conflict theory Competition Dominance Justification Person?social dominance orientation Situation Robber?s cave and intergroup competition Self?fulfilling spiral of competition Social Approval Person Conformity Peripheral status Situation Geography Roles Religion?Christian orthodoxy, religious fundamentalism, and right-wing authoritarianism as predictors of implicit racial prejudice Rowatt and Franklin IAT Controlling for religious fundamentalism, and right-wing authoritarianism Christian orthodoxy negatively related to prejudice Self?image Social identity theory Derive self-esteem from group membership Authoritarian personality Threats and failure Conserve Mental Effort Categorization Out?group Out?group homogeneity bias Stereotypes False Exaggerations Kernel of truth Activation Snap judgments Capacity Stereotype confirmation Reduction Contact Decategorize Recategorize