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- New York
- Cornell University
- Human Development
- Human Development 2180
- Loeckenhoff
- Prelim 1 Vocabulary. (Ch 1. 2. 3. 6)
Prelim 1 Vocabulary. (Ch 1. 2. 3. 6)
Human Development 2180 with Loeckenhoff at Cornell University
About this deck
By: Ailin Lu
Created: 2011-02-12
Size: 64 flashcards
Views: 55
Created: 2011-02-12
Size: 64 flashcards
Views: 55
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Accommodation
The eye muscle adjustments that allow the eye to have the greatest clarity of image/resolution; the ability to focus and maintain an image on the retina.
Acetylcholinesterase
The enzyme responsible for the synaptic absorption and deactivation of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter necessary for brain activation, responsiveness and communication
Agnosia
the inability to visually recognize familiar objects
Aphasia
a breakdown or loss of individual's language abilities
Apoptosis
programmed neuron death and the loss of neurons
Causes of Alzheimer's Disease
- beta-amyloid protein-a protein that makes up senile plaques; suspect to cause Alzheimer's disease
- build up of neurofibrillary tangles
- decreased amounts of acetylcholine
Cimacteric
general term for age related decline in reproductive ability in men and women
Cognitive reserve vs. Brain reserve capacity
The amount of processing resources available to the individual for responding to cognitively challenging tasks. There are usually age-related reductions in the amount of reserve capacity
Compression of Morbidity
The occurrence of substantial morbidity later in life, but proceeded by largely good or excellent health
Dark adaptation
When the eye adapts from brightly to dimly lit environments
Dopamine
a neurotransmitter implicated in Parkinson's disease and other disorders
Early onset AD
a form of alzheimer's disease that develops relatively early in life, before 60
Epigenesis
the idea that development is an unfolding of an underlying structure or genetic blueprint
Free-radical Theory
Being exposed to free radicals that causes aging. ex:
- UV radiation
- ionization radiation
- air pollution
- mitochondrial waste
- smoking
- inflammation
Genetic mutation theory
We age because our DNA, RNA, and protein structures mutate or change to decrease in efficiency. The number of which increases to a point that cell functioning is significantly impaired.
Genetic switching theory
Biological aging theory where we age because of cessation of operation in selected genes.
Kinesthesis
The ability to sense the position of one's body parts in space
Late onset AD
When Alzheimer's sets in after 70
Lewy body demintia
A progressive brain disease and the second leading cause of dementia. Individuals diagnosed with Lewy body dementia have disproportionately large amounts of Lewy bodies in their brains, as compared to individuals with Parkinson's disease or AD
Menopause (vs. perimenopause)
The permanent cessation of menstruation and the ability to bear children (12m w/o period)
vs.
the 3-5 year period leading to menopause when there is a reduction in the production of estrogen.
Neurogenesis
the production of new neurons originating from stem cells and progenitor cells
Neuronal viability
the efficiency of neuronal function
Normal biological aging
time-related changes in a collection of processes that operate within the individual and that gradually alter anatomy, neurochemistry, and physiology.
Osteoporosis v. Osteopenia
Bone loss due to lack of calcium in bone
v.
mild losses in bone density in women
Parkinson's Disease
null
Pleiotrophy
when one gene affects multiple characteristics
Presbycusis
age-related problems in hearing, esp high pitched sounds
Presbyopia
the reduction in the efficacy or near vision; usually first observed during middle adulthood
Progeria and Werner's Syndrome
premature, accelerated aging caused by a mutation in the Lamin A gene
Pseudodementia verses Dementia
behavioral symptoms that mimic dementia, a neurocognitive disorder
Susceptibility Genes
a gene or genetic variation that inc risk of disease bc of its effects on particular biophysiological mechanisms.
Tennitus
a constant ringing in the ear (reported in 10% of older adults)
Transient ischemic attack
a temporary, reversible minor stroke
Polytrophy
When multiple genes work to express one characteristic
Genetic risk factor
indicates an increased chance of acquiring a disease
Genetic marker for AD and accelerated neuronal aging
presenilin-1, presenilin-2, SORL1
Genetic risk factor/susceptibility gene for AD
APOE 4
Multi-Infarct Dementia
aka: vascular dementia; produced multiple small strokes in the brain
Cumulative disadvantage
The idea that negative effects of patterns of inequality in wealth, status, and availability of opportunities accumulate over the life span
Eight Americas
- Asians
- Whites living in rural mid west
- middle income americans
- white in the appalachian mountains
- native americans
- blacks
- blacks in south
- blacks in urban areas
Fourth Age
the section of the life span associated with substantial age-related impairment. Reserve capacity is approaching its lower limits an dthe person is at high risk for disease. Refers to the oldest-old, 85+
Grandmother hypothesis
Although we lost "fitness" after menopause, we still remain to help next generations. This increases ability for genes to be passed down and increase the nutrition their children get
Life expectancy vs. remaining life expectancy
how long one is predicted to live vs. how long one is expected to live after a certain age
Maximum life span
the chronological age that average individuals could reach if they avoided or successfully managed the negative consequences of diseases, illnesses and accidents
morbidity
prevalence of illness/disease in a population
mortality
the frequency or rate of death occurring for a defined population
single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)
variation in the sequence of units that make up the DNA molecule; particular variations are known to inc the risks of cancer and cell proliferation, heart disease, and diabetes
socioemotional selectivity theory
older people seek to add or enhance meaningful experiences in their lives, and seek to maintain or strengthen social networks
Terminal Drop
a decline in psychological functioning that precedes death by about five years
HeLa cells
Cancer cells from Henrietta Lacks that had an enzyme, telomerase, that protected telomeres from shortening after every cell division
Hayflick Limit
the number of times a cell population can replicate before they die. approx 60-80
ontogeny
the study of intrapersonal development
Developmental influences at the sociocultural level
- normative age-graded influences
- normative history-graded influences
- non-normative influences
4 key features of the Life-span perspective
- multidirectionality
- plasticity
- contextuality
- multiple causation
What factors helps to define "age"?
Chronological age
functional age
- biological age
- psychological age
- social age
stage theory
theory: development consists of a series of abrupt changes in psychological functions and processes, marked by qualitative change at each stage.
selective attrition
reasons why people drop out of studies
- death
- less healthy
- less educated/wealthy
- older
Conbach's Alpha
is a coefficient of reliability. It is commonly used as a measure of the internal consistency or reliability of a psychometric test score for a sample of examinees.
Reliability
Consistency/repeatability of measurement over time
- Internal consistency-all items in a scale measure the same construct
Cronbach's Alpha
- Retest reliaility (retest affects)
mulitple assessments yield the same result; rtt retest correlation
Validity
Extent to which a test measures what it is supposed to measure
- face validity
- content validity
- convergent validity
- discriminant validity
Alloparenting
parenting by individuals other than the biological parents (norm for many cultures ex: grandmother theory)
Goal Pursuit Theory vs. biocultural co-constructions
two current versions of contextualism
contextualism: behavior is optimal when individuals formulate intentions and translate their intentions into action
development is multifaceted and codetermined
Post-traumatic growth (benefit finding)
gains in cognitive and emotional development occur in response to response to facing stressful events
About this deck
By: Ailin Lu
Created: 2011-02-12
Size: 64 flashcards
Views: 55
Created: 2011-02-12
Size: 64 flashcards
Views: 55
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy
Kathy