Prelim 2
Animal Sciences 2500 with Galton at Cornell University
About this deck
By: Logan Moore
Created: 2010-11-14
Size: 40 flashcards
Views: 14
Created: 2010-11-14
Size: 40 flashcards
Views: 14
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What is the main objective of a good mastitis control program?
to prevent bacteria and toxins from infecting the udder
cleanliness
cleanliness
When a dairy producer does not use dry cow therapy, what is the period of time for the highest rate of new infections?
during the dry period
When a dairy producer does use dry cow therapy, what is the time period for the highest rate of new infections?
right after calving
Explain the role of the teat canal on the incidence of mastitis
The teat canal is the portal of entry into the udder for bacteria
Why is subclinical mastitis usually associated with a whole herd?
null
Why is clinical mastitis usually associated with individual cows instead of the herd like subclinical mastitis is?
only 40% of subclinical infections show clinical and clinical can be treated with antibiotic therapy to get rid of it
Explain why dry cow treatment for mastitis is more effective than treating cases of clinical mastitis
Dry cow treatment will cleanse the udder of infections as well as prevent against new infections for the coming lactation
Explain how mastitis reduces milk quality and milk production
null
Why can somatic cell counts be used as an indicator of the level of mastitis in a herd?
null
Explain the possible effects of a low somatic cell count in milk in the udder on the severity and duration of an acute case of mastitis.
Lower somatic cell counts cause a higher risk of new infections, greater severity of clinicals
Give examples of how mastitis pathogens can enter through the teat canal (eg. multiplication, physical movement, and propulsion during milking)
- bacteria enters while the canal is dilated (2-6 hrs post milking)
- bacteria can be pushed into the canal from the outside when drainers or something else is inserted into the canal
- bacteria can be pushed into the canal from the outside when drainers or something else is inserted into the canal
What is the role of keratin in the teat canal?
The keratin prevents bacteria from getting into the teat canal and kills bacteria that do get caught in it
Explain the importance of bacteria penetrating at various lengths of the teat canal on the incidence of mastitis
the farther up the bacteria is inserted in the teat canal, the higher incidence of mastitis because it bypasses keratin in the teat canal which is there to prevent the passage of bacteria.
Explain the role of keratin and healthy teat ends in minimizing new infections.
Healthy teat ends and keratin prevent bacteria from travelling into the teat canal. Injuries on the teat end can create a place for bacteria to grow and multiply more rapidly.
Explain the different ways of how mastitis reduces milk production
null
State 3 pathogens that are resistant to antibiotics
mycoplasma
coliforms?
pseudomonas?
staphylococcus aureus
coliforms?
pseudomonas?
staphylococcus aureus
State the contagious organisms
streptococcus agalactiae
staphylococcus aureus
mycoplasma
staphylococcus aureus
mycoplasma
State the environmental pathogens
Streptococcus dysagalactiae
Streptococcus uberis
coliforms
pseudomonas
Streptococcus uberis
coliforms
pseudomonas
Know the mastitis pathogens for the groupings of contagious and environmental mastitis. What do groupings mean in terms of mastitis control practices?
null
Know the major characeristics of the following mastitis pathogens: strep. ag., staph. aureus., strep. species, staph. species, coliform, mycoplasma, yeast
null
List the major practical management practices that can effectively remove contagious pathogens from the herd.
- pre and post dipping
- biosecurity
- dry cow therapy
- milk non-infected cows first
- cull chronically infected cows
What are the reasons that make it possible to eliminate strep. ag. from a herd?
It is sensitive to antibiotics because it does not invade the tissue lines, but just the lines of the duct system
What other mastitis pathogens can be eliminated from a herd?
Staph. aureus when identified early, strep species, staph species,
??
??
Why does the withdraw time for antibiotics vary among cows?
null
What is the purpose of postmilking teat dip?
To kill any bacteria that was possibly transferred from the milker
To prevent teat canal colonization
To prevent teat canal colonization
What would your response be to the following producer's comment:
"I do not understand why the mastitis lab report indicated that no organism was detected when the cow had a severe case of clinical mastitis"
"I do not understand why the mastitis lab report indicated that no organism was detected when the cow had a severe case of clinical mastitis"
somatic cells high-phagocitized bacteria
antibiotic therapy
sampling technique
culturing techniques
lack of leukocytes in sample
antibiotic therapy
sampling technique
culturing techniques
lack of leukocytes in sample
What are the reasons for a false negative with a milk sample from a clinical mastitis cow?
somatic cells high-phagocitized bacteria
antibiotic therapy
sampling technique
culturing techniques
lack of leukocytes in sample
antibiotic therapy
sampling technique
culturing techniques
lack of leukocytes in sample
What is the recommended dry period? Why is milk production less in the next lactation for cattle that have a dry period less than 40 days?
40-45 days for older cows, 45-50 for 2 year olds.
For less than 40 days, the udder was not able to go through a complete round of udder involution
For less than 40 days, the udder was not able to go through a complete round of udder involution
Know the processes that occur in the udder during the dry period
null
Why is the rate of new infections high for the stages of active involution and lactogenesis during a dry period? How effective is the use of antibiotics during these two periods?
Active Involution: milk accumulation, leakage of milk, non-removal of milk from the udder, post teat dipping discontinued, minimal change in fluid composition in first 3 days of involution, phagocytic cells
Lactogenesis: constructive process, hormonally mediated, lower antimicrobial properties compared to active
Antibiotics are not as effective as dry-cow treatment
Lactogenesis: constructive process, hormonally mediated, lower antimicrobial properties compared to active
Antibiotics are not as effective as dry-cow treatment
Justify the recommendation of dry cow treating all quarters of every cow
By treating all quarters, not only is the producer treating current infections, but they are preventing new infections which are most commonly going to occur in the dry period.
Explain why lactating cow antibiotic therapy is less effective than dry cow therapy
null
How can improper intramammary infusion techniques increase the rate of new udder infections?
If infused too far into the teat canal, the tip pushed bacteria up through the teat canal and into the udder causing an increase in the probability of infections
State how a mastitis vaccine reduces the severity of mastitis
enhances ability of white blood cells to combat bacteria
Draw the relative rate of new mastitis infections across a calving interval, with and without dry cow treatment
null
Explain the relationship of dry matter intake and milk production level throughout lactation.
null
Explain the reasoning for the recommendation of feeding dairy cattle for maximum dry matter intake.
null
Explain the justification for feeding "to a full stomach" with a balanced ration (meeting the nutrient requirements) compared to meeting the nutrient requirements with less than maximum dry matter intake
null
the relationship of rumen physical distention and balancing for nutrient requirements for feeding high producing dairy cows for the following types of rations.
-ration consists mostly of lignified fiber
-ration consists mostly of sugar and starches
-ration balanced for NDF and for nutrient requirements
-ration consists mostly of lignified fiber
-ration consists mostly of sugar and starches
-ration balanced for NDF and for nutrient requirements
null
What is the order of priorities of net energy utilization for the following:
-two-year old early lactating cow with very little body condition, not pregnant
-mature dry cow, one month prior to calving
-mature lactating cow, three months pregnant
-two-year old early lactating cow with very little body condition, not pregnant
-mature dry cow, one month prior to calving
-mature lactating cow, three months pregnant
null
About this deck
By: Logan Moore
Created: 2010-11-14
Size: 40 flashcards
Views: 14
Created: 2010-11-14
Size: 40 flashcards
Views: 14
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
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“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis
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