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Prokaryotic Cell Structure
Biology 3880 with Parilla at Georgia State University
About this deck
By: karan shah
Created: 2011-02-19
Size: 27 flashcards
Views: 8
Created: 2011-02-19
Size: 27 flashcards
Views: 8
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Nucleiod
Chromosome without a membrane covering it. Located in Bacteria Cytoplasm.
Circulards DNA. *There are exceptions where some have more than one chromosomes and some that are membrane bound
Circulards DNA. *There are exceptions where some have more than one chromosomes and some that are membrane bound
Plasmids in Bacteria Cytoplasm
R, F, Col, Virulence, Metabolic
What is Curing in Bacteria?
Nucleus is not evenly split in the daughter cells so only one daughter cell is without a nucleus
Storage Granules
Storage compartments for glycogen, sulfur, and etc. Some a bounded to a membrane.
Gas Vesicles
Gas vesicle proteins that help maintain buoyancy
Bacteria Ribosomes
Made of protein and RNA, location of protein Synthesis (matrix ribosomes and plasma memb. ribosomes) and they are smaller than the eukaryote (70s-50s & 30s)
Bacteria Plasma Membrane
Its made up of a lipid bilayer consisting of phospholipids and proteins. Has no sterols and hopanoides. The cell membrane has infoldings inside of the cell wall.
Cell Wall Purpose
Prevents cell from lysis where swelling then bursting due to H2O influx.
Composition of Cell Wall
Polymers = NAM and NAG, amino acids and connected monomers. Made of Peptidoglycan. Can be directly or connected by a peptide bridge and Gram - lacks a bridge.
Gram + Cell's Teichoic Acids
They are polymers of glycerol or ribotol, Covalently connected to NAM or plasma membrane. Maintains cell structure and gives it a neg. surface charge.
Gram + Cell's Proteins
Interacts with the environment, involved in synthesis of peptidoglycan, help attach to surfaces, blocks phagocytosis
Gram -- Cell's Periplasmic Space
Contains proteins for nutrition, peptidoglycan sysnthesis and neutralizes toxins. Also contains the cell wall.
Gram -- Cell's Outer Membrane
Contains lipopolysaccharide(LPS): Lipid A is for toxins, Core Polysaccharides give a neg charge, and O-chain for immunogenic. Also has Porins and Braun's Lipoproteins
Cell Wall secretion systems
Secretion dependent pathway systems for proteins and there are 5 in gram - bact.
SEC-Dependent Pathway
Transports protein across plasma membrane
Gram -- Type 1 Secretion
Transports toxins, proteases, also known as ATP binding cassete
Gram -- Type 3 Secretion
Secretes and injects virulence factors. "Needle like"
Bacteria Outer Layer
Capsule- Well organized, not easily removed, resists phagocytosis and drying
Slime Layer- not as organized, washed away easily, helps with motility
Glycocalyx
S Layer- Regular layers of protein(glyco), protects against pH, osmotic stress, and enzymes
Slime Layer- not as organized, washed away easily, helps with motility
Glycocalyx
S Layer- Regular layers of protein(glyco), protects against pH, osmotic stress, and enzymes
Biofilms
First only a few cells attach then slowly more and more add on to form a colony and then it grows to be massive
External Structures of Bacteria
Fimbriae- Small tube like used for attachment and gliding
Pili- A little larger and required for mating
Stalk- A holdfast that acts as an anchor
Pili- A little larger and required for mating
Stalk- A holdfast that acts as an anchor
Monotrichous
Single flagellum at one end
Lophotrichous
Several flagellum extended form both sides
Pertitrichous
Randomly distributed flagellum all over the cell
3 Parts of the Flagella
Filament- main portion extending from cell to tip
Basal Body- in the cell acts as a motor
Hook- links filament to basal body
Basal Body- in the cell acts as a motor
Hook- links filament to basal body
Flagellar Synthesis
Flagellar proteins are exported from the basal body then transported through the filament. It self assembles at the tip and not the base.
Flagella movement
Rotating clockwise gives it a forward run while counterclockwise gives a tumble
Chemotaxis
Chemo-receptors give more runs than tumbles. Others include aero-taxis, photo-taxis, thermo-taxis, and osmo-taxis.
About this deck
By: karan shah
Created: 2011-02-19
Size: 27 flashcards
Views: 8
Created: 2011-02-19
Size: 27 flashcards
Views: 8
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy
Kathy